Abstract: With the rapid development of China's transportation industry, numerous regional airports have been constructed in mountainous regions across the country. Due to the special engineering geological environment conditions, a large number of high fill slope projects have been produced, and the biggest problem faced by them is the deformation control and long-term stability of high fill slope in the operation stage. Taking Panzhihua Airport as an example, based on the systematic review of the geological disaster history during the construction period and operation period, the development characteristics of three typical high-fill landslides during the operation period were described in detail, and the causes and evolution mechanism of high-fill landslides were analyzed. Finally, the key technology of landslide control was proposed. The results show that: (1) The internal causes are the topography and landform that is conducive to the accumulation of surface water and the special slope body structure that is conducive to rainfall infiltration. Rainfall concentration and short-time rainstorm are frequent, and the groundwater is abundant and easy to be enriched in the relative water barrier layer;(2) The instability evolution mechanism of the high fill slope of Panzhihua Airport can be summarized as follows: long-term infiltration of heavy rainfall - rise of groundwater - softening of soil on the weak surface of foundation cover section and attenuation of shear strength - push creep - failure of retaining structure - progressive slip shear - overall slide; (3) This kind of high fill landslide should be treated with the idea of anti-sliding strong support and retaining combined with drainage groundwater. The research results can be used as reference for the research of deformation mechanism and deformation control technology of other high fill projects.