三维地质建模技术的最新进展和发展趋势

陈麒玉; 荀磊; 崔哲思; 周瑞鸿; 陈大颉; 刘刚

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240284

三维地质建模技术的最新进展和发展趋势

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240284

陈麒玉^{1a, 1b, 1c, 2,},
荀磊^1a,
崔哲思^1a,
周瑞鸿^1a,
陈大颉^1a,
刘刚^{1a, 1b, 1c}

1a.
中国地质大学（武汉）计算机学院
1b.
中国地质大学（武汉）智能地学信息处理湖北省重点实验室
1c.
中国地质大学（武汉）自然资源信息管理与数字孪生工程软件教育部工程研究中心
2.
贵州省战略矿产智慧勘查重点实验室，贵阳 550081

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42172333，42372345）；黑龙江省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目“古龙页岩油大数据分析系统构建技术研究”（2021ZXJ01A12，DQYT-2022-JS-750）；武汉市知识创新专项−曙光计划项目（2022010801020206）。

详细信息

作者简介:
陈麒玉：E-mail：qiyu.chen@cug.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 85
- PDF下载量: 14
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-21

Recent Progress and Development Trends of Three-dimensional Geological Modeling

CHEN Qiyu^{1a, 1b, 1c, 2
,},
XUN Lei^1a,
CUI Zhesi^1a,
ZHOU Ruihong^1a,
CHEN Dajie^1a,
LIU Gang^{1a, 1b, 1c}

1a.
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) School of Computer Science
1b.
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing
1c.
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Engineering Research Center of Natural Resource Information Management and Digital Twin Engineering Software, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Guizhou Key Laboratory for Strategic Mineral Intelligent Exploration, Guiyang 550081, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：qiyu.chen@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
三维地质建模是一种综合运用计算机技术、空间信息理论、科学可视化、数理统计等前沿技术方法，对地质现象及过程进行三维数字化描述、表征和重建的技术。其目的是为地球科学家及地质工作者提供一个集科学研究、辅助设计和决策支持为一体的可视化平台，以便更加深入地理解和利用隐藏在地质现象和过程背后的本质涵义和规律。基于野外地质数据构建研究区域的三维地质模型已经成为涉及基础地质调查、自然资源勘查开发、地质灾害预测评价等地质研究及调查工作的必备任务。深入探讨了三维地质建模的研究对象、数据源、空间数据模型，以及3个不同视角理解的三维地质建模方法，全面总结了三维地质建模技术的最新进展。提供了三维地质建模技术在矿产预测、地质灾害预警、城市地下空间规划、油气藏储层表征等领域的实践案例。最后结合当前研究现状对三维地质建模及相关技术的未来发展趋势给出了笔者的理解和认识。
- 三维地质建模 /
- 空间数据模型 /
- 数据驱动与模型驱动 /
- 显式建模与隐式建模 /
- 地质统计模拟 /
- 智能地质建模
Abstract: Objective
Three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling is a technology which comprehensively uses computer technology, spatial information, scientific visualization, mathematical statistics and other cutting-edge technologies and methods to perform 3D digital representation, characterization and reconstruction of geological phenomena and processes. Its purpose is to provide a visualization platform that integrates scientific research, aided design and decision support for geoscientists, so as to understand and use the essential meanings and laws hidden behind geological phenomena and processes more deeply. [Progress] 3D geological models inferred from field data has become a necessary task for geological research and surveys involving basic geological survey, natural resource exploration and development, and geological disaster prediction and evaluation. This paper takes a comprehensive summarization for the recent progress of 3D geological modeling technology from research objects, data sources, spatial data models, and 3D geological modeling methods from three different perspectives. This paper also provides practical cases of 3D geological modeling technology in the fields of mineral exploration, geological disaster warning, urban underground space planning, oil and gas reservoir characterization, etc. [Prospect] In addition, the future trends of 3D geological modeling and related technologies are discussed.
- 3D geological modeling /
- Spatial data model /
- Data-driven and model-driven /
- Explicit modeling and implicit modeling /
- Geostatistical simulation /
- Intelligent geological modeling

HTML全文

图 1 三维地质建模的2种观点：数据驱动与模型驱动^[18]

Figure 1. Two viewpoints of 3D geomodeling: Data-driven and geomodel-driven

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图 2 显式建模与隐式建模过程

Figure 2. Explicit modeling and implicit modeling processes.

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图 3 基于地质统计模拟的三维地质结构−属性一体化建模框架^[59]

Figure 3. 3D geological structure-attribute integrated modeling framework based on geostatistical simulation^[59]

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图 4 基于深度学习的三维地质建模框架

Figure 4. 3D geological modeling framework based on deep learning.

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图 5 旧锡矿东区中部地表DTM、地层、构造、已知矿体等实体模型和三维预测模型^[69]

①～⑤. 地层；⑥. 花岗岩；⑦. 大箐东断裂；⑧. 麒麟山断裂；⑨. 芦塘坝断裂；⑩. 1号断裂；⑪. 大箐南山断裂

Figure 5. Surface DTM, stratigraphy, structure, known ore bodies and other solid models and three-dimensional prediction models in the central part of the eastern area of Gejiu Tin Mine

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图 6 钟姑矿田三维成矿预测模型

a. 钻孔及矿体三维模型；b. 钟姑矿田地层、岩体三维地质模型；c. 钟姑矿田闪长岩体隆起部位；d. 钟姑矿田三维成矿预测结果^[17]

Figure 6. 3D prospectivity modelling of Zhonggu ore field

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图 7 QuantyHazard系统用于三峡巴东县某地质灾害治理工程的滑坡三维可视化分析^[73]

Figure 7. The application of QuantyHazard in a hazard control project in Badong County

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图 8 藕塘滑坡的三维地质模型^[74]（V. 体积；T. 最大厚度）

Figure 8. Three-dimensional model of the Outang landslide

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图 9 三维地质建模技术在城市地质调查中的应用^[59]

Figure 9. Application of 3D geological modeling in the urban geological survey

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图 10 三维地质建模技术在城市地下水安全评估领域的应用^[78]

Figure 10. Application of 3D geological modeling in the urban groundwater safety assessment

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图 11 基于多点地质统计学的三角洲油藏沉积结构模型构建流程^[79]

Figure 11. The workflow of delta reservoir sedimentary structures based on multiple-point geostatistics

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图 12 利用GANSim-3D的三维储层模拟实例^[87]

B1−B4. 笛卡尔网格坐标系下的示例井位

Figure 12. An example of 3D reservoir simulation using GANSim-3D

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表 1 空间数据模型^[27]

Table 1. Data models in 3D geological modeling

基于面元的实体模型（facial model）	基于体元的实体模型（volumetric model）		混合实体模型（mixed model）
基于面元的实体模型（facial model）	规则体元	不规则体元	混合实体模型（mixed model）
不规则三角网（TIN）	构造实体几何（CSG）	四面体格网（TEN）	TIN-CSG混合
格网（grid）	体素（voxel）	金字塔（pyramid）	TIN-octree混合
边界表示模型（B-Rep）	针体（needle）	三棱柱（TP）	octree-TEN混合
线框模型（wire-frame）	八叉树（octree）	地质细胞	wire frame-block混合
断面（section）	规则块体（regular block）	不规则块体	B_Rep-voxel混合
断面−三角网		实体（solid）
多层DEM		广义三棱柱（GTP）
		角点网格（CPG）

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