辽宁排山楼金矿床成矿物质来源和矿床成因：来自T4矿体C-O-S-Pb同位素地球化学的约束

刘春发; 刘彦兵; 刘必政; 徐立为

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240306

辽宁排山楼金矿床成矿物质来源和矿床成因：来自T4矿体C-O-S-Pb同位素地球化学的约束

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240306

1.
中国黄金集团香港有限公司，北京 100011
2.
中国地质大学（北京）地球科学与资源学院，北京 100083
3.
中国黄金集团资源有限公司，北京 101300
4.
中国黄金集团地质有限公司，北京 101300

基金项目: 中国黄金集团有限公司地质科研项目（WKY201601）

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：lcfjlu704@163.com

中图分类号: P618.51
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-06
- 录用日期: 2024-08-07
- 修回日期: 2024-07-23
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-21

Ore-forming material sources and genesis of the Paishanlou gold deposit in the Liaoning Province, China: Constraints from the C-O-S-Pb isotope geochemistry of the T4 orebody

1.
China National Gold Group Hong Kong Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China
2.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
3.
China Gold Group Resources Co., Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
4.
China Gold Group Geology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101300, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：lcfjlu704@163.com

摘要

摘要:
排山楼金矿床是华北克拉通北缘一处大型金矿床，矿床赋存于太古宇建平群中，受EW向和NE向2组韧性剪切带控制，与燕山期花岗岩类关系密切，长久以来关于其矿床成因类型存在较大争议。本研究以近年新揭露的T4矿体为研究对象，系统开展矿床地质和C、O、S、Pb同位素研究，厘定成矿流体和物质来源，探讨其矿床成因。结果表明：矿石热液碳酸盐矿物δ¹³C_V-PDB值为−7.0‰～−2.1‰，δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为12.2‰～16.7‰。相较于高于庄组白云质大理岩，热液碳酸盐矿物C同位素组成基本一致，但O同位素组成明显亏损，暗示成矿流体中的C来源于高于庄组白云质大理岩的溶解。矿石黄铁矿δ³⁴S_V-CDT值介于0.5‰～7.5‰之间，其双峰值（2.9‰和6.7‰）与建平群变质岩和燕山期花岗岩类δ³⁴S_V-CDT值一致，表明S主要来源于建平群变质岩和燕山期岩浆硫的混合。矿石黄铁矿²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值分别为16.585～18.432，15.299～15.698，37.159～38.982。在Pb演化图解中主要投点于地幔和下地壳区域，表明排山楼金矿床铅以壳幔混合为主，金属来源于建平群变质岩和燕山期花岗岩类。结合晚中生代区域构造−岩浆演化背景，认为在晚白垩世华北克拉通北缘区域伸展、岩石圈快速减薄的背景下，排山楼地区韧性剪切作用导致前寒武纪岩石发生动力变质作用形成含矿变质热液，运移过程中有岩浆热液、大气降水及围岩成矿物质参与，最终在构造有利部位发生水岩反应导致成矿物质迅速沉淀，排山楼金矿床成因类型为造山型金矿。
- 排山楼金矿 /
- C-O-S-Pb同位素 /
- 成矿物质来源 /
- 矿床成因 /
- 华北克拉通北缘 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: Objective
The Paishanlou gold deposit is a large gold deposit on the northern margin of the North China Craton, containing more than 60 tons of gold resources. It is mainly hosted in Archean metamorphic rocks of the Jianping Group, structurally controlled by EW and NE ductile shear zones, and closely related to the Yanshanian granites. For many years, the genetic type of the Paishanlou gold deposit is still controversial.
Methods
In this study, we present new field geology and C-O-S-Pb isotope data for the T4 orebody in the Paishanlou deposit, in order to identify the ore-forming material sources and its genesis.
Results
The δ¹³C_V-PDB and the δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW values of hydrothermal carbonate minerals from ores range from −7.0‰ to −2.1‰ and 12.2‰ to 16.7‰ respectively. Compared with the Gaoyuzhuang Formation dolomitic marble, the δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW values are lower while the δ¹³C_V-PDB values are almost identical, indicating that the C isotope in the ore-forming fluid was derived from the dissolution of dolomitic marble in the Gaoyuzhuang Formation. The δ³⁴S values of pyrites from ores vary from 0.5‰ to 7.5‰ with two peak values (2.9‰ and 6.7‰), which correspond to δ³⁴S values of the metamorphic rocks of Jianping Group and the Yanshanian granitoids, indicating the sulfurs were mainly derived from a mixed source of the metamorphic rocks of Jianping Group and the Yanshanian magmatic sulfur. The Pb isotopic compositions of the pyrites from ores vary from 16.585 to 18.432, 15.299 to 15.698 and 37.159 to 38.982 for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios respectively, which plot between the mantle and lower crust fields in the ²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁴ Pb versus ²⁰⁶Pb/ ²⁰⁴ Pb discrimination diagrams, indicating a mixed source of crust and mantle. Thus, we suggest the ore-forming metals were derived from a mixed source of metamorphic rock of Jianping Group and the Yanshanian granitoids.
Conclusion
Combined with the regional tectono-magmatic evolution history during the Mesozoic, we propose that the NE ductile shearing in the Paishanlou district resulted in dynamic metamorphism of Precambrian country rocks to form ore-bearing metamorphic fluid under the background of the regional extensional tectonism and lithosphere thinning during the late Cretaceous. During the migration of the ore-forming fluid along the ductile shear zone, the meteoric water, magmatic hydrothermal fluid and ore-forming materials from the country rocks were involved in it, resulting in the characteristics of crust-mantle mixing. Finally, in the favorable environment such as tectonic intersection or dolomitic marble interface, the ore-forming fluid reacted with the country rock, leading to the rapid precipitation of ore-forming materials. The Paishanlou gold deposit belongs to orogenic gold deposit.
- Paishanlou gold deposit /
- C-O-S-Pb isotope /
- ore-forming material source /
- orogenic gold deposit /
- northeastern margin of North China Craton /
- geochemistry

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图 1 华北克拉通北缘大地构造位置(a)和辽西成矿带东段地质构造简图(b)（据文献[15]修改）

Figure 1. Sketch tectonic map of north margin of North China Craton (a) and simplified geological and structural map of eastern segment of the West Liaoning metallogenic belt (b)

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图 2 排山楼金矿区地质简图（据文献[20]修改）

Figure 2. Geological map of the Paishanlou gold deposit

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图 3 排山楼金矿区200 m中段地质简图（据文献[19]修改）

Figure 3. Geological map of 200 m middle section in the Paishanlou gold deposit

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图 4 排山楼金矿床典型岩矿石样品野外照片和镜下照片

a. 黑云斜长糜棱岩，眼球状构造；b. 矿体顶板白云质大理岩；c. 绿泥石蚀变带；d. 成矿期石英碳酸盐脉穿插围岩；e. 黑云斜长糜棱岩型矿石，发育强烈黄铁化、绢云母化和碳酸盐化；f. 矿石中同变形−变形晚期的碳酸盐矿物沿石英、长石碎斑边缘分布；g. 眼球状构造；h. 矿石中的黄铁矿具碎裂结构、细粒化特征；Q. 石英；Py. 黄铁矿；Chl. 绿泥石；Bt. 黑云母；Pl. 斜长石；Cb. 碳酸盐矿物

Figure 4. Representative field photographs and photomicrographs of typical rocks and ores from the Paishanlou gold deposit

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图 5 排山楼金矿区0号勘探线剖面图（据文献[21]修改）

Figure 5. Cross section of exploration line No.0 of the Paishanlou gold deposit

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图 6 排山楼金矿床δ¹³C_V-PDB−δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW图解（底图据文献[34]，矿石和围岩碳酸盐矿物、高于庄组白云质灰岩、大理岩部分数据引自文献[25])

Figure 6. Diagram of δ¹³C_V-PDB-δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW of the Paishanlou gold deposit

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图 7 排山楼金矿床S同位素组成图解（底图据文献[44]，自然界岩石S同位素数据引自文献[32]；排山楼矿区数据来源同表2）

Figure 7. Diagram of S isotopic composition of the Paishanlou gold deposit

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图 8 排山楼金矿床矿石含金黄铁矿和围岩Pb同位素构造模式图解（底图据文献[45]，排山楼数据来源同表3）

Figure 8. Diagrams of Pb isotope of the auriferous pyrites and wall rocks from the Paishanlou gold deposit

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表 1 排山楼金矿床矿石和围岩碳、氧同位素组成

Table 1. Carbon and Oxygen isotopic composition of ores and wall rocks in the Paishanlou gold deposit

样品号	采样位置	岩性	测试对象	δ¹³C_V-PDB/‰	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW/‰	资料来源
0T-34-2	T4矿体	黑云斜长糜棱岩矿石	方解石	−2.1	15.3	本研究
100T-5-2		黑云斜长糜棱岩矿石		−6.4	12.5
100T-5-1		白云质糜棱岩矿石		−6.7	12.2
100T-42-2		黑云斜长糜棱岩矿石		−2.8	16.7
300T-1-1		长英质糜棱岩矿石		−2.8	13.7
91L303a	T1矿体	矿石	方解石	−7.0	13.6	文献[25]
91L310a				−6.7	13.8
91L310b				−6.8	13.5
91L303b				−6.7	14.3
91L302				−6.7	12.9
blp-121a	韧性剪切带	浸染状铁白云石	铁白云石	−5.0	13.4	文献[25]
blp-121b		浸染状铁白云石		−2.7	17.7
yd₁-3a		网状铁白云石		−2.2	16.3
yd₁-3b		网状铁白云石		−4.7	13.8
yd₁-9		石英钠长石脉中的浸染状铁白云石		−6.2	13.1
yd₁-12		石英钠长石脉中的浸染状铁白云石		−7.5	13.9
yd₂-1		石英钠长石脉中的网状白云石		−3.8	8.1
yd₂-3a		网状铁白云石		−4.4	16.8
yd₂-3b		脉状铁白云石		−3.0	21.4
blp-145		浸染状铁白云石		−1.7	12.6
95-39	高于庄组	大理岩	白云石	−3.2	17.5	文献[25]
91L297		白云质大理岩		−3.6	17.0
gy₁		白云质灰岩		−1.9	19.5
gy₂		白云质灰岩		−2.7	18.5
91L141		白云质大理岩		−1.2	17.6
91L213		白云质大理岩		−1.3	21.4

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表 2 排山楼金矿床矿石和围岩硫同位素组成

Table 2. Sulfur isotopic composition of ores and wall rocks in the Paishanlou gold deposit

样品号	采样位置	岩性	测试矿物	δ³⁴S_V-CDT值/‰	资料来源
0T-6-1	T4矿体	蚀变岩型矿石	黄铁矿	6.30	本研究
100T-5-2				2.90
100T-5-3				0.50
200T-1-1				4.60
200T-3-1				2.80
PS02-5-2	T1矿体	蚀变岩型矿石	黄铁矿	3.30	文献[14]
PS02-5-8				2.90
PS02-5-10				2.80
PS02-6-1				2.60
PS02-6-5				3.80
PS02-7-8				6.20
PS02-13-3				7.50
LT5	韧性剪切带核部	蚀变黑云斜长糜棱岩	黄铁矿	0.27	文献[25]
LT6-1		黄铁浅粒岩		3.04
LT6-2		黄铁浅粒岩		0.32
LT7		蚀变黑云斜长糜棱岩		2.80
LT8		蚀变黑云斜长糜棱岩		3.36
LT9		蚀变黑云斜长糜棱岩		4.00
LT1-1		强蚀变长英质糜棱岩		2.94
LT1-2		强蚀变长英质糜棱岩		3.16
LT1-3		强蚀变长英质糜棱岩		2.89
LT4		蚀变绿泥黑云糜棱岩		4.31
LT3		蚀变黑云斜长糜棱岩		2.24
LT2-1		强蚀变长英质超糜棱岩		1.17
LT2-2		强蚀变长英质超糜棱岩		2.20
blp60-1	韧性剪切带边缘	长英质糜棱岩	黄铁矿	0.90	文献[25]
blp60-2				0.80
blp52				4.80
blp54				4.70
blp56				4.00
blp54				3.20
Psl4-4	大石头沟岩体	黑云母二长花岗岩	黄铁矿	8.95	文献[17]
Psl4-13				7.49
Psl4-9				7.55
Psl7-6				8.22
注：样品LT5～LT2-2统称“近矿蚀变糜棱岩”

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表 3 排山楼金矿床矿石和围岩铅同位素组成

Table 3. Lead isotopic composition of ores and wall rocks in the Paishanlou gold deposit

样品号	采样位置	岩（矿）石类型	测试对象	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	资料来源
0T-6-1	T4矿体	蚀变岩型矿石	黄铁矿	17.095	15.341	37.520	本研究
100T-5-1				17.437	15.397	37.554
100T-5-2				17.616	15.451	37.987
100T-5-3				17.440	15.442	37.763
200T-1-1				16.585	15.299	37.159
TD017				16.371	15.252	38.063
TGH-01				15.856	15.156	36.790
PS-02-5-10	T1矿体	蚀变岩型矿石	黄铁矿	16.867	15.319	37.224	文献[14, 25]
PS02-6-1				16.740	15.306	37.382
PS02-7-8				16.478	15.248	37.019
PS02-13-3				16.687	15.258	36.987
91L60				17.000	15.330	37.290
91L310				16.720	15.370	36.880
91L339				16.400	15.210	36.690
91L138				16.950	15.310	37.340
PS02-16	太古宇建平群	黑云斜长糜棱岩	全岩	15.276	15.112	38.447	文献[14, 25]
QT6P1		黑云斜长糜棱岩		15.620	15.260	37.440
QT11P2		黑云斜长糜棱岩		15.150	15.270	35.610
QT12P2		长英质初糜棱岩		17.540	15.410	37.380
91L187	元古宇高于庄组	白云质大理岩	全岩	17.930	15.470	37.920	文献[17]
91L188				18.200	15.450	38.260
91L189				18.100	15.390	38.420
91LZ154				17.410	15.440	37.760
PS02-2	燕山期花岗岩	花岗岩	全岩	16.932	15.303	37.067	文献[14, 17]
PS02-4	燕山期花岗岩	花岗岩	全岩	16.957	15.293	36.995
psl-6	大石头沟岩体	黑云母二长花岗岩	全岩	16.862	15.293	36.973
psl4-14				16.948	15.286	37.089
psl4-5				16.842	15.289	37.004
psl4-5-1				16.819	15.286	36.967
psl4-8				16.848	15.294	36.997

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