Application of five-dimensional seismic prediction method based on amplitude attribute in Shunbei X well area
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摘要:
针对顺北超深层碳酸盐岩断控缝洞型储集体储层非均质性强、地震资料信噪比低、叠后储层预测精度不足及裂缝识别困难等问题，基于五维地震数据，探索提高裂缝型储层预测精度的新方法。在研究顺北断控缝洞型油气藏储层发育特征的基础上，开展了五维地震各向异性正演模拟，建立了地震振幅与裂缝参数的关系，并优选裂缝预测敏感参数；在此基础上推导傅里叶级数形式的方位弹性阻抗方程，开展了裂缝型储层预测，并在顺北X井区进行应用。通过研究，明确了超深层碳酸盐岩断控储集体的AVAZ地震响应特征，指出裂缝密度是指示裂缝型储层的敏感参数；同时，利用二阶傅里叶系数表征裂缝发育密度，在顺北X井区实现了裂缝型储层的精细表征，预测吻合率较高。基于振幅属性的五维地震预测技术通过挖掘宽方位地震数据的振幅、方位信息，丰富了裂缝发育密度和方向等相关信息的预测。建立的傅里叶系数−裂缝密度映射关系为断控缝洞型油藏提供了定量化预测工具，为断控缝洞型油藏裂缝预测及目标评价提供了新的思路。
Abstract:Objective In response to the problems of strong reservoir heterogeneity, low signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, insufficient prediction accuracy of post stack reservoirs, and difficulty in identifying fractures in the ultra deep carbonate reservoirs in Shunbei, a new method for improving the prediction accuracy of fractured reservoirs is explored based on five dimensional seismic data.
Methods Based on the study of the reservoir development characteristics of the Shunbei fault controlled fracture cave type oil and gas reservoir, this article conducts five dimensional seismic anisotropic forward simulation, establishes the relationship between seismic amplitude and fracture parameters, and optimizes the sensitive parameters for fracture prediction; Based on this, derive the Fourier series form of the directional elastic impedance equation, carry out fracture type reservoir prediction, and apply it in the Shunbei X well area.
Results Through research, the AVAZ seismic response characteristics of ultra deep carbonate rock fault controlled reservoirs have been clarified, and it is pointed out that fracture density is a sensitive parameter indicating fractured reservoirs; Meanwhile, by utilizing second-order Fourier coefficients to characterize the density of fracture development, a precise characterization of fracture type reservoirs was achieved in the Shunbei X well area, with a high prediction accuracy.
Conclusion The five dimensional sesmic prediction technology based on amplitude attributes enriches the prediction of fracture development density and direction by mining amplitude and orientation information of wide azimuth seismic data. The established Fourier coefficient fracture density mapping relationship provides a quantitative prediction tool for fracture controlled fracture cave reservoirs, and offers new ideas for fracture prediction and target evaluation in fracture controlled fracture cave reservoirs.
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图 1 顺北油气田构造单元与奥陶系一间房组顶面断裂体系图
Figure 1. Structural Unit of Shunbei Oil and Gas Field and Top Fault System of Ordovician Yijianfang Formation
图 2 基于振幅属性的五维地震预测技术思路
Figure 2. Technical Approach for Five Dimensional Earthquake Prediction Based on Amplitude Attributes
图 3 裂缝密度（e）变化时“隔层-裂缝层”界面的AVAZ变化特征
Figure 3. AVAZ variation characteristics of the "interlayer-fracture layer" interface during changes in fracture density
图 4 裂缝纵横比（asp）变化时“隔层−裂缝层”界面的AVAZ变化特征
Figure 4. AVAZ variation characteristics of the "interlayer-fracture layer" interface when the aspect ratio of fractures changes
图 5 裂缝长度（af）变化时“隔层−裂缝层”界面的AVAZ变化特征
Figure 5. AVAZ variation characteristics of the "interlayer-fracture layer" interface when the fracture length changes
图 6 裂缝密度、纵横比不同时地震响应随入射角变化
Figure 6. Seismic response varies with incident angle when fracture density and aspect ratio are different
图 7 裂缝密度、纵横比不同时地震响应随方位角变化
Figure 7. Seismic response changes with orientation when fracture density and aspect ratio are different
图 8 裂缝长度不同时地震响应随入射角、方位角的变化
Figure 8. The variation of seismic response with incident angle and azimuth angle when the fracture length is different
图 9 过well1-well3井连井叠前裂缝密度预测图（a）well3井成像测井解释图（b）
Figure 9. (a) Prediction of pre stack fracture density through well1-well3 wells (b) Interpretation of well3 well imaging logging
图 10 顺北X井区一间房组顶面裂缝密度切片
Figure 10. Slicing of fracture density on the top surface of a room group in Shunbei X well area
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