贵州余庆地区层间破碎带热液型重晶石矿床地球化学特征与成因分析

李源洪; 杜红毅; 陈军; 徐石辉; 胡涛; 袁清松

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240350

贵州余庆地区层间破碎带热液型重晶石矿床地球化学特征与成因分析

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240350

李源洪^{1, 2,},
杜红毅^{1, 2, ,},
陈军^{3a, 3b},
徐石辉¹,
胡涛¹,
袁清松¹

1.
贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局 106地质大队，贵州遵义 563000
2.
中国地质大学（武汉），武汉 430074
3a.
贵州大学资源与环境工程学院
3b.
贵州大学喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室，贵阳 550025

基金项目: 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局地质科研项目（编号：黔地矿科合[2022]9号）

详细信息

作者简介:
李源洪：E-mail：451858936@qq.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：763707020@qq.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-24
- 录用日期: 2024-12-05
- 修回日期: 2024-11-29
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-21

The geochemistry and genesis of hydrothermal barite deposits within interlaminar fracture zone, Yuqing County, Guizhou Province

LI Yuanhong^{1, 2
,},
DU Hongyi^{1, 2
, ,},
CHEN Jun^{3a, 3b},
XU Shihui¹,
HU Tao¹,
YUAN Qingsong¹

1.
106 Geological Brigade of Guizhou Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China
2.
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
3a.
Guizhou University College of Resources and Environmental Engineering
3b.
Guizhou University Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：451858936@qq.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：763707020@qq.com

摘要

摘要:
热液型重晶石因其高品质而成为近些年的重点勘查对象。位于扬子克拉通中部的武陵-苗岭一带是我国主要的热液重晶石成矿区，已成为重要钡资源基地。近些年，在贵州黔北新发现了受上寒武统娄山关组白云岩与下奥陶统桐梓组底部页岩接触部位控制的重晶石矿体，矿体延伸稳定，具有较大的成矿潜力，但其特殊热液成矿机制尚未开展系统研究，制约了进一步的勘查部署工作。以余庆地区热液型重晶石为研究对象，开展了系统的岩相学、主微量元素地球化学和硫同位素组成分析研究。野外地质调查表明，硅（碎屑岩）−钙（白云岩）界面产生的层间破碎带及张性裂隙是该区重晶石的主要控矿构造。元素地球化学分析表明，围岩白云岩样品^δCe呈现无异常特征（平均1.06），而重晶石样品呈明显的^δCe负异常（平均0.66），揭示重晶石在氧化条件下形成。Sr与Cu+Zn元素协变关系和Y/Ho比值指示成矿物质可能来自寒武系富Ba的碳酸盐岩（含膏岩）地层。同样重晶石硫同位素组成（δ³⁴S_VCDT：30.94‰～ 41.27‰）也指示硫主要来自寒武系海相蒸发岩。综合前人研究认为，构造运动驱使盆地流体发生运移，并萃取富Ba蒸发岩地层，在层间断层（硅−钙界面）与大气降水混合，形成重晶石矿床。
- 主微量元素 /
- 硫同位素 /
- 热液重晶石 /
- 余庆地区
Abstract: Objective
Hydrothermal barite deposits are the main exploration targets for barium. The Wuling-Miaoling area, located in the middle part of the Yangtze craton, contains abundant hydrothermal barite deposits. In recent years, some barite orebodies have been discovered within interlaminar fracture zone between the Upper Cambrian Loushanguan Formation and the in the Lower Ordovician Tongzi Formation in the region. The orebodies with stable extension are of great metallogenic potential. However, the genesis of the barite deposits in the Yuqing area are poorly understood, leading to ambiguity about the further ore exploration.
Methods
In this contribution, we investigate the barite deposits in the Yuqing area, presenting a metallogenic model based on detailed petrographic observations and major/trace elements and sulfur isotopic analyses.
Results
Our results show that the interlayer fracture zone and tensile fracture generated by silica-calcium interface are the main ore-controlling structures of barite in this area. The geochemistry of barite shows that the ^δCe of wall rocks (dolomite) has no abnormalities. In contrast, the negative ^δCe anomaly (mean 0.66) of barite samples indicates that barite is formed under oxidation conditions. The Sr vs. (Cu Zn), Y/Ho ratios and sulfur isotopes suggest that ore-forming material (S and Ba) soured from marine evaporite in the Cambrian strata.
Conclusion
Based on previous studies, we propose that the Yanshanian tectonic event drove the migration of the basinal fluids that extracted the Ba-rich evaporite strata. The mixing with meteorite caused the precipitation of barite along the interlayer faults (silica-calcium interfaces).
- major and trace elements /
- sulfur isotope /
- hydrothermal barite deposits /
- Yuqing area

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图 1 研究区大地构造位置(a)及贵州重晶石矿床分（沉积型和热液型）(b)图（据文献[6]修改）

Figure 1. Geotectonic location in the study area and distribution of barite deposits in Guizhou Province

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图 2 研究区重晶石矿地质略图

Figure 2. Geological sketch of barite mine in the study area

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图 3 贵州余庆地区寒武系娄山关群赋矿重晶石钻孔柱状对比图

Figure 3. Histogram comparison of barite boreholes of the Cambrian Loushanguan Group in Yuqing area, Guizhou

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图 4 贵州余庆地区重晶石矿体和矿石特征（Є_3-4O₁l. 娄山观组；Brt. 重晶石；下同）

Figure 4. Barite ore body and ore characteristics in Yuqing area, Guizhou

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图 5 贵州余庆地区重晶石矿石结构特征Dol. 白云石；Py. 黄铁矿

Figure 5. Structural characteristics of barite ore in Yuqing area, Guizhou

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图 6 余庆地区重晶石矿床主微量元素地球化学图解

a，b. 球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图；c. 不同岩石的Y/Ho比值统计对比；d. La/Ho−Y/Ho相关性图；e. （Cu+Zn）−Sr图解。a，b中标准化值源自文献[19]；d. 不同Y/Ho比值数据源自文献[20].

Figure 6. Geochemical diagram of major and trace elements of barite deposits in Yuqing area

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图 7 余庆地区重晶石矿硫同位素地球化学图解

下寒武统牛蹄塘组重晶石硫同位素组成引自孙泽航等（2015）^[16]；寒武纪同时期海水硫同位素组成引自Claypool et al. （1980）^[17].

Figure 7. Geochemical diagram of sulfur isotopes in barite ore in Yuqing area

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表 1 贵州余庆地区重晶石矿石的主量元素组成

Table 1. The main element composition of barite ore in Yuqing area, Guizhou w_B/%

样品编号	岩性简述	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	MnO	P₂O₅	TiO₂	BaO	SO₃	SrO	LOI	SUM
ZK303-Y1	角砾状矿石	35.51	1.88	1.06	0.50	0.00	0.44	0.73	0.000	0.000	0.101	34.18	16.78	0.82	7.91	99.90
ZK303-Y2	块状矿石	8.48	0.98	0.55	0.39	0.00	0.64	0.27	0.000	0.000	0.052	54.37	26.72	1.13	6.35	99.93
ZK303-Y3	块状矿石	8.18	0.74	0.55	0.41	0.00	0.53	0.30	0.023	0.000	0.049	54.74	26.97	1.22	6.21	99.92
ZK303-Y4	角砾状矿石	11.94	1.04	0.71	0.41	0.00	1.18	0.47	0.000	0.000	0.076	50.17	25.41	1.47	6.97	99.84
ZK303-Y5	重晶石白云质灰岩	58.09	3.45	2.77	1.03	0.00	0.32	1.82	0.022	0.035	0.188	15.05	9.26	0.50	7.40	99.94
ZK303-Y6	角砾状矿石	11.58	1.59	1.07	6.65	6.25	0.42	0.84	0.014	0.000	0.098	36.64	17.12	1.20	16.46	99.93
ZK303-Y7	块状矿石	6.34	0.58	0.27	0.39	0.00	0.89	0.32	0.000	0.000	0.047	64.50	19.23	1.85	5.49	99.90
ZK303-Y8	角砾状矿石	36.00	5.39	2.50	3.18	2.83	0.28	2.73	0.046	0.000	0.324	19.07	11.78	0.56	15.21	99.89
ZK303-Y9	角砾状矿石	18.39	1.34	1.21	0.48	0.00	0.45	0.75	0.000	0.110	0.093	42.95	21.38	1.38	11.21	99.75
ZK303-Y10	纹层状含萤石白云岩	9.48	0.38	0.22	19.53	29.11	0.00	0.13	0.038	0.000	0.036	0.13	0.05	0.00	40.80	99.90
BT02-Y1	块状矿石	2.32	0.13	0.15	0.34	0.00	0.63	0.05	0.000	0.000	0.000	61.94	30.07	1.99	2.35	99.97

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表 2 贵州余庆地区重晶石矿石微量元素组成

Table 2. Composition of trace elements of barite ore in Yuqing area, Guizhou w_B/10⁻⁶

矿点	样品编号	岩性简述	Cu	Zn	Rb	Sr	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Y
毛家沟矿点	BAR-1	脉状矿石	18.8	202.00	3.57	2149	5.59	6.57	0.63	3.58	0.60	8.87	2.56	0.06	0.34	0.07	0.20	0.03	0.19	0.03	3.36
	BAR-2	网脉状矿石	21.6	113.00	10.5	3715	4.70	6.70	0.86	5.21	1.10	8.70	2.77	0.17	1.01	0.20	0.50	0.07	0.44	0.07	5.71
	BAR-3	浸染状矿石	21.1	72.1	4.76	2097	2.75	1.37	0.11	1.60	0.279	7.58	1.18	0.016	0.106	0.021	0.062	0.011	0.078	0.017	1.86
	BAR-4	角砾状状矿石	20.4	198	4.91	3540	2.95	1.64	0.187	2.07	0.376	9.41	1.21	0.023	0.128	0.023	0.061	0.01	0.066	0.014	1.87
	MJG-3②	纹层状矿石	6.97	27.9	4.60	202	22.1	31.4	2.72	9.81	1.44	2.14	1.92	0.18	0.95	0.18	0.47	0.06	0.36	0.05	7.12
	MJG-7	块状矿石	20.0	50.5	0.102	2244	2.19	0.307	0.026	1.25	0.195	9.32	1.08	0.002	0.012	0.002	0.009	0.004	0.013	0.008	1.26
	SB-1	块状矿石	18.6	43.9	0.183	1276	1.93	0.16	0.014	1.09	0.171	8.28	0.743	0.001	0.006	0.001	0.005	0.004	0.011	0.007	1.12
	SB-2	粗脉状矿石	15.5	34.0	2.95	3296	4.48	3.89	0.453	2.38	0.423	6.41	0.981	0.034	0.164	0.028	0.068	0.01	0.059	0.011	1.60
	ZK1102-1	细脉状矿石	15.1	42.6	13.8	969	8.03	15.7	1.64	7.28	1.44	5.83	3.28	0.19	1.16	0.23	0.62	0.09	0.58	0.09	7.24
	ZK1102-4	纹层状矿石	9.36	20.4	0.56	832	14.9	48.3	5.93	24.2	4.66	5.55	4.43	0.53	2.85	0.49	1.12	0.13	0.64	0.08	19.0
	ZK1102-5	细脉状矿石	9.30	31.9	12.6	697	7.51	15.3	1.61	6.79	1.34	3.61	2.42	0.19	1.12	0.23	0.61	0.09	0.57	0.08	6.99
三江口矿点	ZK303-Y1	角砾状矿石	18.1	88.3	9.66	3199	4.40	2.58	0.299	3.15	0.991	40.0	1.59	0.04	0.24	0.047	0.144	0.022	0.15	0.028	3.37
	ZK303-Y2	块状矿石	12.4	58.3	3.72	3051	3.88	1.25	0.186	2.46	0.799	38.5	1.31	0.023	0.132	0.026	0.082	0.013	0.085	0.019	2.76
	ZK303-Y3	块状矿石	12.9	74.9	4.04	2960	4.08	1.02	0.143	2.42	0.819	40.9	1.41	0.018	0.119	0.024	0.075	0.013	0.087	0.018	2.66
	ZK303-Y4	角砾状白云岩	10.3	42.5	4.62	3687	3.40	2.09	0.271	2.56	0.778	30.0	1.18	0.046	0.263	0.049	0.146	0.023	0.151	0.031	3.01
	ZK303-Y5	重晶石白云质灰岩	16.70	77.00	20.70	2617	5.18	5.42	0.66	4.08	1.13	32.2	1.63	0.08	0.43	0.08	0.24	0.04	0.26	0.05	3.86
	ZK303-Y6	角砾状矿石	10.9	39.2	6.81	3289	4.02	3.26	0.374	2.72	0.732	28.7	1.69	0.039	0.228	0.048	0.144	0.023	0.141	0.027	2.88
	ZK303-Y7	块状矿石	9.33	31.1	2.46	3141	2.95	0.816	0.092	1.77	0.544	30.0	1.05	0.011	0.059	0.012	0.043	0.007	0.047	0.009	2
	ZK303-Y8	角砾状矿石	19.90	81.90	31.50	2927	7.12	9.53	1.15	5.90	1.36	31.2	2.42	0.12	0.76	0.15	0.48	0.07	0.53	0.09	5.73
	ZK303-Y9	角砾状矿石	7.26	39.1	5.82	4092	3.42	4.11	0.577	3.34	0.829	19.3	1.17	0.06	0.315	0.053	0.146	0.02	0.123	0.021	2.83
	BT02-Y1	块状矿石	9.39	30.8	0.791	3420	3.19	0.636	0.089	1.74	0.591	31.9	1.04	0.007	0.035	0.008	0.031	0.005	0.037	0.007	1.98

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表 3 贵州余庆地区重晶石矿石硫同位素组成

Table 3. Sulfur isotopic composition of barite ore in Yuqing area, Guizhou w_B/‰

样品号	特征	d³⁴S/³²S	δ³⁴S_VCDT
BAR-1	脉状矿石	36.561	36.459116
BAR-2	网脉状矿石	34.438	34.217228
BAR-3	浸染状矿石	35.489	35.327084
BAR-4	角砾状状矿石	36.747	36.655532
MJG-7	块状矿石	34.371	34.146476
SB-1	块状矿石	35.821	35.677676
SB-2	粗脉状矿石	35.319	35.147564
ZK1102-1	细脉状矿石	31.339	30.944684
ZK1102-4-1	纹层状矿石	41.114	41.267084
ZK1102-5	脉状矿石	31.496	31.110476

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