镉污染对黄土物理化学及力学性质的影响

郭梅; 韩昕; 卢育霞; 王妍; 贺海浪

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240355

镉污染对黄土物理化学及力学性质的影响

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240355

郭梅^{1, 2, ,},
韩昕^{1, 2},
卢育霞^{1, 2},
王妍^{1, 2},
贺海浪¹

1.
中国地震局兰州地震研究所，兰州 730000
2.
中国地震局（甘肃省）黄土地震工程重点实验室，兰州 730000

基金项目: 甘肃省地震局科技发展基金项目（2021S1）；国家自然科学基金项目（51578518）

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：egmonica@163.com

中图分类号: TU411
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-25
- 录用日期: 2025-01-11
- 修回日期: 2025-01-06
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-21

Effects of cadmium on physical-chemical and mechanical characteristics of loess

GUO Mei^{1, 2
, ,},
HAN Xin^{1, 2},
LU Yuxia^{1, 2},
WANG Yan^{1, 2},
HE Hailang¹

1.
Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Lanzhou 730000, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Loess Earthquake Engineering of China Earthquake Administration & Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：egmonica@163.com

摘要

摘要:
土壤重金属污染已经成为许多国家面临的严重问题，镉污染是影响中国土壤环境质量的首要无机重金属污染物之一。为研究镉污染对黄土力学性质与物理化学性质的影响，对不同镉离子浓度的重塑黄土进行压缩、直接剪切、击实、渗透、酸碱度与粒度分析试验，并通过扫描电镜（Scanning Electron Microscope，简称SEM）观察了受到镉污染后黄土微观结构的变化。结果表明：（Cd²⁺）浓度高于300 mg·kg⁻¹时黄土pH值明显降低，渗透性随Cd²⁺浓度的增加先增大后减小，镉污染对黄土粒径分布影响不明显；随着Cd²⁺浓度的增加，黄土压缩性增大，黏聚力减小，内摩擦角和抗剪强度先增大后减小，最大干密度增大，最佳含水率降低；30 mg·kg⁻¹镉污染使黄土孔隙度增大，中孔隙比例增加，而3000 mg·kg⁻¹镉污染使黄土孔隙度减小，中孔隙比例减少，小孔隙比例增加。镉污染引起黄土物理化学性质、力学性质与微观结构的改变，主要原因在于孔隙水中硝酸镉的水解反应、Cd²⁺在黄土颗粒上的化学吸附反应、以及加入Cd²⁺后黄土颗粒双电层厚度的压缩。该研究结果可为黄土地区镉污染场地工程性质评估和灾害防控提供参考依据。
- 镉 /
- 黄土 /
- 力学性质 /
- 物理化学性质 /
- 微观结构
Abstract: <p>Heavy metal pollution of soil has become a serious problem in many countries, while cadmium is one of the primary inorganic heavy metal pollutant affecting soil environmental quality in China. </p></sec><sec><title>Objective
In order to study effects of cadmium on mechanical and physical-chemical characteristics of loess,
Methods
a series of tests including compression test, direct shear test, compaction test, permeability test, acidity and alkalinity test, and particle size analysis were performed on remolded loess with different cadmium concentrations. Changes in microstructure of the cadmium contaminated loess were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Results
The results show that the pH value of loess decrease significantly while concentration of cadmium is higher than 300 mg·kg⁻¹, permeability increase first and then decrease with the increase of cadmium concentration, cadmium pollution has no obvious effect on particle size distribution of loess. With the increase of cadmium concentration, compressibility of loess enhances, cohesion decreases, angle of internal friction and shear strength increase first and then decrease, the optimal moisture decreases, and the maximum dry density increases. Porosity and proportion of medium pores increase under 30 mg·kg⁻¹ cadmium concentration, but decrease under 3000 mg·kg⁻¹, while proportion of small pores increase under 3000 mg·kg⁻¹ cadmium concentration.
Conclusion
The main reasons for changes on physical-chemical characteristics, mechanical characteristics and microstructure of cadmium contaminated loess are hydrolysis of cadmium nitrate in pore water, chemisorption reaction of cadmium on loess particles, and compressed double electric layer after adding cadmium. The results are intended to provide reference for evaluating engineering properties and mitigating engineering disasters of cadmium-contaminated soils in loess area.
- cadmium /
- loess /
- mechanical characteristics /
- physical-chemical characteristics /
- microstructure

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图 1 镉污染对黄土酸碱度的影响

Figure 1. Effect of cadmium on acidity and alkalinity of loess

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图 2 镉污染对黄土渗透性的影响

Figure 2. Effect of cadmium on permeability of loess

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图 3 镉污染黄土的颗粒级配曲线

Figure 3. Grading curves of the cadmium contaminated loess

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图 4 不同浓度镉污染黄土压缩曲线

Figure 4. Compression curves of loess under different cadmium concentrations

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图 5 镉污染黄土颗粒双电层示意图

Figure 5. Schematic illustration of diffuse double layer of cadmium contaminated loess particles

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图 6 镉污染对黄土抗剪强度的影响

Figure 6. Effect of cadmium on the shear strength of loess

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图 7 镉污染对黄土压实特性的影响

Figure 7. Effect of cadmium on compaction characteristics of loess

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图 8 镉污染黄土SEM图片

Figure 8. SEM images of cadmium contaminated loess

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图 9 不同Cd²⁺浓度下4种孔隙占比

Figure 9. Proportion of four kinds of pores under different cadmium concentrations

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表 1 黄土的基本物理性质

Table 1. Physical parameters of loess

土样	相对密度d_s	最大干密度/(g·cm⁻³)	天然含水率ω/%	最优含水率ω_op/%	液限 ω_L/%	塑限 ω_P/%	砂粒	粉粒	黏粒
土样	相对密度d_s	最大干密度/(g·cm⁻³)	天然含水率ω/%	最优含水率ω_op/%	液限 ω_L/%	塑限 ω_P/%	w_B/%
黄土	2.71	1.78	6.4	15.5	24.4	14.8	12.42	67.44	20.14

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表 2 不同浓度镉污染黄土的黏聚力和内摩擦角

Table 2. Cohesion and angle of internal friction of loess under different concentrations of cadmium

Cd²⁺浓度/(mg·kg⁻¹)	黏聚力c/kPa	内摩擦角φ/°
0	43.1	32.39
3	42.5	33.35
30	41.6	31.98
300	40.3	31.64
1000	39.3	30.93
3000	34.8	29.02

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表 3 不同Cd²⁺浓度下孔隙度和分形维数

Table 3. Porosity and fractal dimension under different cadmium concentrations

Cd²⁺浓度/(mg·kg⁻¹)	孔隙度/%	分形维数
0	13.96	1.1920
30	17.52	1.2067
3000	8.59	1.2066

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