Rapid analysis of the stability of a wedge-shaped unstable rock mass on the basis of non-contact measurements
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摘要:
基于传统接触式测量无法满足楔形危岩体施工快速高效安全需求的现状，本研究采用非接触测量的方法获取与分析楔形危岩体参数，通过得到的参数分析楔形危岩体在不同工况下的稳定性。以某抽水蓄能电站上水库楔形危岩体为例，在工程地质野外精细调查的基础上，开展了三维激光扫描野外测量，获取了楔形危岩体高精度点云数据。采用最小二乘法拟合得到临空面所在的平面，确定楔形体所在边坡的坡角和坡高。运用局部点云拟合的办法确定法向量，将得到的法向量通过计算求出结构面产状。结合Alpha Shapes方法计算得出危岩体体积，利用刚体极限平衡法对楔形危岩体进行稳定性评价。结果表明：在天然、暴雨和地震工况下，楔形危岩体的稳定性系数分别为：1.131（基本稳定）、0.896（不稳定）和0.917（不稳定）。本研究将非接触测量与智能识别运用到楔形危岩体的稳定性评价中，整体用时102 min，大大提高了稳定性评价效率并降低了工程施工的风险，为今后危岩体稳定性的快速评价提供了新方法。
Abstract:Objective With the frequent occurrence of landslide disasters in China, it is crucial to enhance research on unstable rock masses and slopes. Traditional analysis methods have limitations in quantifying certain factors, necessitating improvements. This paper adopts a non-contact measurement method to obtain and analyze parameters of wedge-shaped unstable rock masses and assess their stability under different working conditions.
Methods Taking the wedge-shaped unstable rock mass in the upper reservoir of a pumped storage power station as an example, this study reveals the basic features and stability-influencing factors of the unstable rock mass based on detailed engineering geological field investigations. A long-distance 3D laser scanning system was used to collect high-precision point cloud data of the slope. Through preprocessing, spatial parameters of the wedge-shaped unstable rock mass were obtained. The critical surface plane was determined using least-squares fitting to calculate the slope angle and height of the wedge-shaped body. Local point cloud data were fitted to determine the normal vector, which was then used to calculate discontinuity orientations. The Alpha shape method was employed to calculate the volume of the unstable rock mass, with the most suitable radius parameter determined by comparing it with the actual unstable rock mass. The stability of the unstable rock mass was evaluated using the limit equilibrium method.
Results The results show that under natural conditions, the stability coefficient of the wedge-shaped unstable rock mass is 1.131, indicating an essentially stable state; under rainstorm conditions, the stability coefficient drops to 0.896, indicating instability; and under seismic conditions, the stability coefficient is 0.917, also indicating instability.
Conclusion This paper applies non-contact measurement and intelligent recognition techniques to the stability analysis of wedge-shaped unstable rock masses. The total analysis time was 102 minutes, significantly improving the efficiency of stability analysis and reducing risks associated with engineering construction. The proposed method provides a reliable alternative for assessing the stability of complex geological structures, enhancing safety and reliability in geotechnical engineering projects.
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图 4 楔形体三维模型
A，B，C，D为楔形体的端点；α为楔形体临空面的坡脚坡度；β为左右结构面交线的倾角；H为坡高；下同
Figure 4. 3D model of wedge
图 6 不同半径参数α拟合结果
a. α=0.5，楔形危岩体体积V=
1505.9 m3；b. α=1，V=4692.9 m3；c. α=2，V=5196.0 m3；d. α=4，V=5406.5 m3；e. α=5，V=5503.6 m3；f. α=6，V=5609.4 m3Figure 6. Results of fitting with different radius parameters α
图 8 楔形体稳定性计算模型
A，B，C，D为楔形危岩体的端点；N为外力在左右滑动面交线上的垂直分量；G为楔形体自重；β为交线的倾角；S为考虑地震力时，水平震动对楔形体产生的力；N1，N2分别为N投影到左右滑动面法线上的垂直分量；θ1，θ2分别为N与左右滑动面法线的夹角
Figure 8. Computational modelling of wedge stability
表 1 三维激光扫描仪主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters of 3D laser scanner
参数 指标 最大测距/m 2000 最小测距/m 1.5 最大测点速率/(点·s−1) 500000 扫描视场角/(°) 360 × 120 测距原理 脉冲 波长/nm 1550 激光等级 1 激光头转动机制 摆动反射镜 光束直径 36 mm @ 100 m 20 mm @ 50 m 工作温度/℃ −20～50 
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表 2 边坡抗滑稳定设计安全系数
Table 2. Design safety coefficients for slope stability against sliding
稳定性系数η 稳定状态 η<1.0 不稳定 1.0≤η<1.05 欠稳定 1.05≤η<1.15 基本稳定 η≥1.15 稳定
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