歧口凹陷滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩地球化学特征及沉积环境

朱华汇; 陈家旭; 张佼杨; 张明振; 石倩茹; 董越崎; 付东立; 唐鹿鹿

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240651

歧口凹陷滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩地球化学特征及沉积环境

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240651

中国石油大港油田公司，天津 300280

详细信息

作者简介:
朱华汇：E-mail：zhuhhui@petrochina.com.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail：chenjxu@petrochina.com.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-02
- 录用日期: 2024-12-23
- 修回日期: 2024-12-17
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-18

Geochemical characteristics and sedimentary environment of the Middle Section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope, Qikou Sag

PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company, Tianjin 300280, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：zhuhhui@petrochina.com.cn

Corresponding author: E-mail：chenjxu@petrochina.com.cn

摘要

摘要:
歧口凹陷滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩评价和沉积环境研究薄弱，制约了油气勘探向海域拓展。基于滨海斜坡新钻揭的烃源岩样品，利用岩石热解、饱和烃色谱−质谱、元素录井技术等手段，对沙一中亚段烃源岩的地球化学特征、沉积环境和发育模式进行了系统研究。研究结果表明：滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩的总有机碳介于0.21%～8.61%，平均为2.41%，生烃潜量平均为9.73 mg/g，以好−优质烃源岩为主；有机质类型主要为Ⅱ₁-Ⅱ₂型干酪根；烃源岩镜质体反射率介于 0.58%～1.32%，整体处于低熟−成熟阶段。滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩的有机质来源于陆生高等植物和水生生物混源，发育于弱氧化−弱还原的淡水湖盆环境，沉积时期湖盆水体较深，气候温暖潮湿，湖盆古生产力处于较高水平。滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩有机质类型较好，有机质丰度高，成熟度适中，湖盆沉积环境利于有机质的富集和保存，烃源岩生烃能力较强，具备勘探潜力。
- 烃源岩 /
- 沉积环境 /
- 沙一中亚段 /
- 歧口凹陷 /
- 滨海斜坡
Abstract: Objective
The geochemical characteristics and sedimentary environment of the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope were less well studied, which restricts the expansion of hydrocarbon exploration into the sea area.
Methods
Based on the newly drilled source rock samples from the Binhai Slope, the geochemical characteristics, depositional environments, and developmental models of the middle section of Es₁ source rocks were systematically investigated by means of petrographic pyrolysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of saturates, and elemental logging techniques.
Results
The results show that the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope are mainly Ⅱ₁-Ⅱ₂ kerogen, with TOC values ranging from 0.21% to 8.61%, an average TOC of 2.41% and an average S₁+S₂ of 9.73 mg/g, and are dominated by good–high quality source rocks. The middle section of Es₁ source rocks are in the low maturity–mature stage, with R_o values ranging from 0.58% to 1.32%. The organic matter of the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope originated from a mixture of terrestrial plants and aquatic organic matter, developed in a weakly oxidizing–weakly reducing freshwater environment. During the depositional period, the lake water in the basin was relatively deep, the climate is warm and humid, and the paleo-productivity of the lake water is at high level.
Conclusion
The middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope are of good organic matter type, with high organic matter abundance and moderate maturity. The sedimentary environment was conductive to the enrichment and preservation of organic matter, and the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope have strong hydrocarbon generating capacity and exploration potential.
- source rocks /
- sedimentary environment /
- the middle section of Es₁ source rocks /
- Qikou Sag /
- Binhai Slope

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图 1 歧口凹陷构造位置图(a)，滨海斜坡沙一中亚段底界深度图(b)和测线A−A'地震剖面图(c)

Nm为明化镇组；Ng为馆陶组；Ed为东营组；Es₁^s为沙一上亚段；Es₁^z为沙一中亚段；Es₁^x为沙一下亚段；Es₂为沙二段；下同

Figure 1. Location map of the Qikou Sag (a), depth contour map of the bottom of the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope (b), and seismic profile of cross section A−A' (c)

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图 2 滨海斜坡沙一中亚段细粒沉积岩岩性特征

a. TD73X1，深度4450 m，灰质泥岩，泥质结构均匀，单偏光；b. TD73X1，深度4450 m，灰质泥岩，见泥晶碳酸盐分布，正交光；c. TD73X1，深度4692 m，砂质泥岩，见碎屑颗粒定向分布，单偏光；d. TD73X1，深度4692 m，砂质泥岩，见碎屑颗粒定向分布，正交光

Figure 2. Lithological characteristics of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope

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图 3 滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩S₁+S₂与w(TOC)交汇图

Figure 3. Cross plot of S₁+S₂ versus w(TOC) of the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope

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图 4 滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩HI与T_max交汇图(a)和D与T_max交汇图(b)（Ⅰ，Ⅱ₁，Ⅱ₂和Ⅲ均为干酪根类型）

Figure 4. Cross plot of HI versus T_max (a) and D versus T_max (b) of the Middle Section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope

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图 5 滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩C₂₉ ββ/(αα+ββ)与C₂₉ ααα 20S/(20S+20R)交汇图(a)和CPI与OEP交汇图(b)

Figure 5. Cross plot of C₂₉ ββ/(αα+ββ) versus C₂₉ ααα 20S/(20S+20R) steranes (a) and CPI versus OEP (b) of the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope

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图 6 滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩PI和T_max交汇图

Figure 6. Cross plot of PI versus T_max of the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope

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图 7 滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩实测R_o随深度变化图（R_o为镜质体反射率）

Figure 7. Measured R_o versus depth for the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope

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图 8 C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉规则甾烷相对含量三角图

Figure 8. Ternary plot showing the relative abundance of C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉ regular steranes

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图 9 滨海斜坡TD73X1井沙一中亚段烃源岩元素比值剖面图（C为古气候指数）

Figure 9. Elemental ratio profiles of the middle section of Es₁ source rocks at Well TD73X1 in the Binhai Slope

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图 10 滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩Sr/Cu与古气候C值交汇图(a)，Zr/Al与Fe/Mn交汇图(b)，Sr含量和Sr/Ba交汇图(c)以及伽马蜡烷指数和Pr/Ph交汇图(d)

Figure 10. Cross plot of Sr/Cu versus C (a), Zr/Al versus Fe/Mn (b), Sr versus Sr/Ba (c), and Gammacerane index versus Pr/Ph (d) of the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope

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图 11 滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩发育模式图

Figure 11. Development pattern of the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope

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表 1 滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩热解参数

Table 1. Data table of pyrolysis parameters for the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope

井名	深度范围/m	样品个数	w(TOC)/(%)	S₁+S₂/(mg·g)	T_max/(℃)	HI/(mg·g⁻¹)	D/(%)	PI	OSI/(mg·g⁻¹)
GS78	3975垂3975	1	3.01	13.71	443	388.37	37.80	0.15	100.66
TD4X1	4148～4410 垂3430～3692	86	$ \dfrac{0.64\sim3.44}{1.36} $	$\dfrac{2.84\sim24.78}{7.85} $	$\dfrac{433\sim445}{439} $	$\dfrac{320.95\sim754.57}{494.14} $	$\dfrac{28.83\sim69.46}{47.01} $	$\dfrac{0.05\sim0.29}{0.13} $	$\dfrac{54.60\sim360.61}{107.31} $
TD6X3	3988～4134 垂3712～3857	15	$\dfrac{0.57\sim1.45}{0.96} $	$\dfrac{1.25\sim5.43}{2.92} $	$\dfrac{432\sim443}{437} $	$\dfrac{168.07\sim298.28}{224.01} $	$\dfrac{17.74\sim39.46}{25.00} $	$\dfrac{0.17\sim0.39}{0.25} $	$\dfrac{55.4\sim264.55}{114.88} $
TD9X1	3896～4212 垂3683～3952	148	$ \dfrac{0.67\sim6.07}{2.95} $	$\dfrac{1.39\sim28.24}{10.72} $	$\dfrac{427\sim450}{440} $	$\dfrac{127.91\sim409.78}{266.97} $	$\dfrac{11.77\sim50.07}{27.98} $	$\dfrac{0.09\sim0.68}{0.20} $	$\dfrac{ 19.02\sim661.07}{151.57} $
TD9X2	4390～4730 垂3887～4186	146	$ \dfrac{0.21\sim8.61}{2.50} $	$ \dfrac{1.43\sim79.14}{8.85} $	$ \dfrac{413\sim450}{438} $	$ \dfrac{68.43\sim841.2}{228.64} $	$ \dfrac{7.58\sim99.47}{27.43} $	$ \dfrac{0.13\sim0.59}{0.30} $	$ \dfrac{34.31\sim763.68}{151.57} $
TD12X1	3944～4208 垂3726～3975	122	$ \dfrac{0.57\sim6.28}{2.14} $	$ \dfrac{1.85\sim34.77}{11.14} $	$ \dfrac{424\sim453}{442} $	$ \dfrac{144.09\sim784.87}{397.95} $	$ \dfrac{17.80\sim74.80}{42.58} $	$ \dfrac{0.07\sim0.55}{0.22} $	$ \dfrac{38.48\sim530.17}{172.46} $
TD13X1	4198～4314 垂3877～3986	53	$ \dfrac{0.61\sim2.25}{172.46} $	$ \dfrac{1.62\sim26.66}{10.61} $	$ \dfrac{435\sim457}{447} $	$ \dfrac{128.29\sim685.47}{379.62} $	$ \dfrac{11.29\sim60.72}{36.35} $	$ \dfrac{0.04\sim0.37}{0.12} $	$ \dfrac{11.54\sim321.04}{87.38} $
TD20X1	4478～4656 垂3945～4122	80	$ \dfrac{0.54\sim7.45}{87.38} $	$ \dfrac{1.98\sim37.65}{16.24} $	$ \dfrac{434\sim443}{439} $	$ \dfrac{211.75\sim483.99}{354.30} $	$ \dfrac{21.34\sim46.42}{35.67} $	$ \dfrac{0.02\sim0.31}{0.16} $	$ \dfrac{12.95\sim174.64}{101.99} $
TD20X2	4438～4740 垂3950～4252	99	$ \dfrac{0.45\sim4.64}{1.84} $	$ \dfrac{1.24\sim19.53}{5.90} $	$ \dfrac{429\sim445}{437} $	$ \dfrac{129.17\sim980.3}{247.57} $	$ \dfrac{13.4\sim98.76}{27.43} $	$ \dfrac{0.1\sim0.44}{0.25} $	$ \dfrac{34.36\sim478.57}{123.26} $
TD73X1	4447～4774 垂4350～4643	67	$ \dfrac{0.23\sim5.37}{2.61} $	$\dfrac{1.32\sim16.48}{7.94} $	$\dfrac{398\sim454}{431} $	$\dfrac{69.83\sim798.94}{218.77} $	$\dfrac{8.49\sim99.56}{26.18} $	$\dfrac{0.15\sim0.49}{0.31} $	$\dfrac{47.13\sim584.35}{142.95} $
总	/	817	$\dfrac{0.21\sim8.61}{2.41} $	$\dfrac{1.24\sim79.14}{9.73} $	$\dfrac{398\sim457}{439} $	$\dfrac{69.83\sim980.3}{312.50} $	$\dfrac{7.58\sim99.56}{33.10} $	$\dfrac{0.02\sim0.68}{0.22} $	$\dfrac{11.54\sim763.68}{127.64} $
注：w(TOC)为总有机碳含量；S₁+S₂为生烃潜量；S₁为游离烃；S₂为热解烃；T_max为最大热解峰温；HI为氢指数，D为降解率；PI为产率指数；OSI为含油饱和度指数；$ \dfrac{0.64\sim3.44}{1.36} $为$ \dfrac{\mathrm{最}\mathrm{小}\mathrm{值}\sim\mathrm{最}\mathrm{大}\mathrm{值}}{\mathrm{平}\mathrm{均}\mathrm{值}} $；下同

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表 2 滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩生标参数

Table 2. Table of biomarker parameters for the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope

井名	深度范围/m	CPI	OEP	C₂₉ ααα 20S/ (20S+20R)	C₂₉ ββ/ (ββ+αα)	C₂₇/ (C₂₇+C₂₈+C₂₉)	C₂₈/ (C₂₇+C₂₈+C₂₉)	C₂₉/ (C₂₇+C₂₈+C₂₉)	Pr/Ph	gammacerane/ αβC₃₀ hopane
TD12X1	4105垂3877	1.14	1.12	0.38	0.53	0.44	0.27	0.29	1.30	0.06
TD13X1	4313垂3955	1.09	1.02	0.38	0.52	0.46	0.19	0.35	1.48	0.12
TD20X1	4557垂4024	1.07	1.09	0.29	0.44	0.38	0.25	0.36	1.20	0.11
TD20X1	4567垂4034	1.12	1.10	0.38	0.54	0.41	0.27	0.32	1.31	0.09
TD20X2	4623垂4135	1.11	1.08	0.48	0.58	0.52	0.24	0.24	1.56	0.12
TD20X2	4632垂4144	1.10	1.02	0.49	0.39	0.28	0.32	0.40	1.29	0.14
TD20X2	4637垂4149	1.12	1.12	0.42	0.54	0.50	0.23	0.27	1.48	0.13
TD20X2	4641垂4153	1.10	1.11	0.54	0.58	0.53	0.23	0.24	1.41	0.12
TD6X1	3931垂3718	1.06	1.08	0.41	0.52	0.46	0.26	0.28	1.24	0.06
TD6X1	3939垂3726	1.06	1.05	0.47	0.53	0.48	0.27	0.25	1.27	0.07
TD9X1	4132垂3891	1.16	1.12	0.55	0.41	0.27	0.28	0.45	1.23	0.09
TD9X2	4575垂4049	1.14	1.03	0.35	0.41	0.43	0.30	0.27	1.26	0.21
TD73X1	4750垂4621	1.12	1.00	0.41	0.45	0.26	0.27	0.46	1.66	0.12
注：CPI为碳优势指数；OEP为奇偶优势比；C₂₉ ααα 20S/(20S+20R)为C₂₉ ααα甾烷在20位碳原子上的2种立体异构体20S和20R的相对比值；S为甾烷；R为C31H的构型；C₂₉ ββ/(ββ+αα)为C₂₉甾烷中ββ构型占总异构体（ββ + αα）的相对比值；C₂₇/(C₂₇+C₂₈+C₂₉)、C₂₈/(C₂₇+C₂₈+C₂₉)和C₂₉/(C₂₇+C₂₈+C₂₉)分别为C₂₇规则甾烷、C₂₈规则甾烷、C₂₉规则甾烷在C₂₇规则甾烷、C₂₈规则甾烷、C₂₉规则甾烷之和的相对含量；Pr/Ph为姥鲛烷与植烷的比值；gammacerane/αβC₃₀ hopane为伽马蜡烷与C₃₀霍烷的比值；下同

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表 3 滨海斜坡沙一中亚段烃源岩孢粉含量统计

Table 3. Statistical table of sporopollen content of the middle section of Es₁ source rocks in the Binhai Slope

化石	深度3720 m		深度3830 m
化石	数量	百分比/%	数量	百分比/%
光面球藻属 Leiosphaeridia			2	2.4
粒面球藻属 Granodiscus	2	2.9	4	4.8
藻类合计	2	2.9	6	7.1
水龙骨单缝孢属 Polypodiaceaesporites	2	2.9	4	4.8
蕨类合计	2	2.9	4	4.8
单束松粉属 Abietineaepollenites	4	5.8	4	4.8
双束松粉属 Pinuspollenites	8	11.6	5	6
云杉粉属 Piceaepollenites	1	1.4	4	4.8
雪松粉属 Cetripites	4	5.8	1	1.2
麻黄粉属 Ephedripites	1	1.4
裸子类合计	18	26.1	14	16.7
胡桃粉属 Juglanspollenites	8	11.3	6	7.1
桦粉属 Betulaepollenites	2	2.8
拟榛粉属 Momipites			1	1.2
栎粉属 Quercoidites	9	12.7	23	27.4
榆粉属 Ulmipollenites	28	39.4	28	33.3
芸香粉属 Rutagraveolens			2	2.4
被子类合计	47	66.1	60	71.4
总计	69	100	84	100

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