Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and enrichment models in the deep subsag zone of the Huanghua Depression
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摘要:
断陷湖盆深凹区勘探程度低，是寻找战略资源接替的重要勘探领域，深凹区油气成藏系统研究有待开展。以黄骅坳陷深凹区为例，深入开展了深凹区沉积、储层、烃源岩和圈闭条件研究，明确了深凹区控砂成储机制与成藏模式。结果表明，沧东深凹为盆缘深凹，距离物源区近，源−断−凹配置控制发育扇三角洲沉积，具备“砂泥互层−下生上储型” 源储空间配置和“早充注−早深埋型” 源储时间配置。与之对比，歧口深凹为盆中深凹，距离物源区远，源−沟−坡配置控制发育远岸水下扇沉积，具备“泥包砂−立体充注型”源储空间配置和“晚充注−晚深埋型”源储时间配置。2类深凹区均呈现出泥岩与砂岩富集的特征，深凹区优质烃源岩热演化程度高，具备规模生烃的条件，同时也具备发育大砂体的有利条件，“优势矿物−有机酸溶蚀−异常超压”三大控储因素造就深凹区有效储层发育。深凹区圈闭条件优越，以岩性油气藏为主，具备源储耦合，近源充注，带状富集的特点。研究进一步证实断陷湖盆深凹区具备良好的勘探潜力，为深凹区油气勘探提供借鉴和参考。
Abstract:Objective The deep subsag zone of faulted lake basins are under-explored and are important exploration areas for finding strategic resource replacement, and research on hydrocarbon accumulation system in the deep subsag zone needs to be carried out.
Methods This study takes the deep subsag zone of the Huanghua Depression as an example, and carries out in-depth research on the sedimentary, reservoir, source rock, and trap condition in the deep subsag zone, so as to clarify the distribution mechanism of sand, the mechanism of reservoir development, and the model of hydrocarbon accumulation in the deep subsag zone.
Results The results show that the deep subsag zone of the Cangdong Sag is a basin-margin sag situated close to the provenance area. Its source-fault-sag configuration controls the development of fan-delta deposits, characterized by a “sandstones-mudstones interlayer with lower source and upper reservoir” spatial configuration and an “early oil charging and early deep burial” temporal configuration between source rocks and reservoirs. In contrast, the deep subsag zone of the Qikou Sag is a basin-center sag farther from the provenance area. Its source-trench-slope configuration controls the development of far-shore submerged fan deposition, featuring a “mudstones covering sandstones with three-dimensional oil charging” spatial configuration and a “late oil charging and late deep burial” temporal configuration between source rocks and reservoirs. Both types of the deep subsag zones possess abundant mudstones and sandstones. The high-quality source rocks in these sags exhibit a high level of thermal maturity, conductive to large-scale hydrocarbon generation. Additionally, they possess favorable conditions for the development of large-scale sand bodies. The three controlling factors of “dominant minerals, organic acid dissolution, and anomalous overpressure” contribute to the development of effective reservoirs in the deep subsag zones. The deep subsag zones boast superior trapping conditions, primarily characterized by lithological hydrocarbon reservoirs. They exhibit features of source-reservoir coupling, proximal source charging, and zonal enrichment.
Conclusion This study further confirms the excellent exploration potential of the deep subsag zones in faulted lake basins, providing insights and references for hydrocarbon exploration in such areas.
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图 1 黄骅坳陷古近系厚度等值线图
Figure 1. Contour map of Paleogene thickness in the Huanghua Depression
图 2 黄骅坳陷新生界地质结构剖面图
Figure 2. Geological structure profile of the Cenozoic in the Huanghua Depression
图 3 黄骅坳陷沧东深凹区CT1井(a)和歧口深凹区HT1井(b)地层综合柱状图
Ed3上. 东三上亚段；Ed3中. 东三中亚段；Ed3下. 东三下亚段；下同
Figure 3. Comprehensive stratigraphic column of Well CT1 in the deep subsag zone of the Cangdong Sag and Well HT1 in the deep subsag zone of the Qikou Sag, Huanghua Depression
图 4 黄骅坳陷沧东凹陷孔二段(a)和歧口凹陷东三段(b)沉积体系图
Figure 4. Sedimentary system map of the Ek2 in Cangdong Sag and the Ed3 in Qikou Sag, Huanghua Depression
图 5 黄骅坳陷沧东深凹区孔二段和歧口深凹区东三段储层镜下照片
a. CT1井，孔二段，
4916.2 m，正交光，不等粒长石砂岩，成分以石英和长石为主，含少量方解石和杂基；b. CT1井，孔二段，5008.5 m，正交光，不等粒长石砂岩，不等粒长石砂岩；c. CT1井，孔二段，4949.6 m，铸体薄片，不等粒长石砂岩，铸体薄片中可见粒间孔和粒内溶蚀孔；d. CT1井，孔二段，5008.5 m，铸体薄片，不等粒长石砂岩，铸体薄片中可见粒间孔和粒内溶蚀孔；e. HT1井，东三段，4177 m，正交光，不等粒长石砂岩，中粒长石砂岩，成分以石英和长石为主，含少量岩屑；f. HT1井，东三段，4211 m，正交光，中粒长石砂岩；g. HT1井，东三段，4211 m，铸体薄片，铸体薄片中可见粒间孔、溶蚀孔和铸膜孔；h. HT1井，东三段，4516 m，铸体薄片，铸体薄片中可见粒间孔和溶蚀孔Figure 5. Microscopic photos of reservoirs in the Ek2 Formation in the deep subsag zone of the Cangdong Sag and the Ed3 Formation in the deep subsag zone of the Qikou Sag, Huanghua Depression
图 6 黄骅坳陷储层孔隙度、孔隙流体压力与压力系数随深度演化图
Figure 6. Evolution diagrams of reservoir porosity, pore fluid pressure, and pressure coefficient with depth in the Huanghua Depression
图 7 黄骅坳陷沧东深凹区和歧口深凹区埋藏史和热史图
Ek2. 孔二段；Ek1下. 孔一下亚段；Ek1上. 孔一上亚段；Es. 沙河街组；Ed. 东营组；Ng. 馆陶组；Nm+Q. 新近系明化镇+第四系；Ed1. 东一段；Ed2. 东二段；Ed3. 东三段；Ro. 镜质体反射率；下同
Figure 7. Burial and thermal histories of the deep subsag zones of the Cangdong and Qikou sags in the Huanghua Depression
图 8 黄骅坳陷沧东凹陷孔二段Ⅲ油组和歧口凹陷东三段烃源岩厚度等值线图
Figure 8. Thickness contour map of the Ek23 source rocks in the Cangdong Sag and the Ed3 source rocks in the Qikou Sag, Huanghua Depression
图 9 黄骅坳陷烃源岩成熟度随深度演化图
Figure 9. Maturity evolution of source rocks with depth in the Huanghua Depression
图 10 黄骅坳陷深凹区圈闭发育模式
Figure 10. Trap development pattern in the deep subsag zone of the Huanghua Depression
图 11 沧东深凹区CT1井孔二段油气成藏事件综合图
Figure 11. Comprehensive map of hydrocarbon accumulation events in Ek2 interval at Well CT1 in the deep subsag zone of the Cangdong Sag
图 12 歧口深凹区HT1井东三段油气成藏事件综合图
Figure 12. Comprehensive map of hydrocarbon accumulation events in Ed3 interval at Well HT1 in in the deep subsag zone of the Qikou Sag
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