Characteristics and controlling factors of shale reservoir in Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation of the Zheng'an area
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摘要: 四川盆地以东的复杂构造变形带拥有巨大的页岩气资源潜力，但目前勘探开发不足。为了支撑复杂构造变形带的页岩气勘探开发，针对复杂构造变形带内正安地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩钻井岩心，开展了矿物学、有机地球化学、岩石学分析测试，探讨了页岩储层特征及主控因素。正安地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩储层石英质量分数高达60%~80%，以硅质页岩为主，脆性程度高。石英主要是无机成因，包括原生碎屑石英沉积和黏土矿物转化而成的次生石英。原生碎屑石英、层状黏土颗粒的压实脆裂增大了孔隙空间，但次生石英的沉淀、充填减小了矿物颗粒间的骨架孔隙。正安地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩储层总w（TOC）高达5.8%，有机质中无定形腐泥组大于80%，沥青反射率介于2.6%~3.1%，有机质热解而成的有机孔显著增大了孔隙度，但有机孔隙后期遭受构造挤压变形，多坍塌成狭长的多边形。
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关键词:
- 有机孔 /
- 无机孔 /
- 复杂构造变形带 /
- 五峰组-龙马溪组页岩
Abstract: The complex tectonic deformation zone in the east of the Sichuan Basin has a great potential of shale-gas resources, but has not been commercially exploited yet.This paper utilizes the mineralogical, organic chemical, and petrologic data of the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation shale cores, which was deposited in the transition zone of deep-shallow continental shelf and is currently located on the Zheng'an area in the complex tectonic deformation zone, to uncover the characteristics and main controlling factors of gas-shale reservoir in the tectonic deformation zone.The Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation shale samples in the Zheng'an area have a high quartz component, which ranges from 60% to 80% and contributes a high brittleness index.Quartz in the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation shale is dominant by inorganic origins, including the primary clastic quartz deposition and the secondary quartz from clay diagenesis.The cracking of primary clastic quartz grains or bending of laminated clay under tectonic compaction increases pore space; whereas the filling of secondary quartz into the pore space between mineral grains decreases the bulk porosity.The Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation shale samples in the Zheng'an area have a total organic carbon(TOC) content up to 5.8%, a content of amorphous organic matter more than 80%, and a bitumen reflectance of 2.6%-3.1%.The cracking of organic matter generated number of organic pores, which improved the bulk porosity first and then was compacted and collapsed to be long and narrow polygons. -
图 1 四川盆地(a)和正安地区(b)五峰组-龙马溪组沉积相图
Figure 1. Sedimentary facies of the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation shale in Sichuan Basin (a) and Zheng′an area (b)
图 2 正安地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩石英、碳酸盐矿物、黏土矿物、总w(TOC)以及氦气孔隙度
Figure 2. Proportions of quartz, carbonates, clays, total organic carbon(TOC) content, and porosity of the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation shale in Zheng′an area
图 4 正安地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩孔隙度与总w(TOC)(a)、石英组分(b)、黏土矿物组分(c)交会图
Figure 4. Cross plots of porosity and total organic carbon(TOC) content (a), quartz proportion (b), and clay minerals proportion (c) in Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation shale in Zheng′an area
图 5 正安地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩扫描电镜照片
a.狭长的多边形有机孔；b.白云石溶蚀孔；c.次生石英颗粒; d.碎屑石英压裂隙；e.层状黏土压实破裂裂纹(缝)；f.层状黏土压实弯曲层间开裂纹(缝)
Figure 5. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) of the Wufeng Fomration-Longmaxi Formation shale in Zheng′an area
图 6 正安地区与XY1、XY1井五峰组-龙马溪组页岩石英与黏土矿物组分交会图(a)、石英组分与总w(TOC)交会图(b)(XY1、XY 1井数据来源于文献[19-20]；AY1井数据来源于文献[27])
Figure 6. Cross plots of quartz and clay minerals proportions (a), and quartz proportion and total organic carbon(TOC) content (b) in Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation shale of the Well XY1 and Well TY1 in Zheng′an area
表 1 正安地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩有机质显微组分特征
Table 1. Macerals of organic matter in the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation shale of the Zheng′an area
钻井 深度/m 层位 腐泥组φB/% 壳质组φB/% 镜质组φB/% 惰质组φB/% 类型 浮游藻类体 腐泥组无定形体 角质体 木栓质体 树脂体 孢粉体 腐殖无定形体 菌孢体 底栖藻无定形体 富氢镜质体 正常镜质体 丝质体 类型指数 类型 AY2 1957 龙马溪组 / 88 / / / / / / 10 / 2 / 92 Ⅰ 1959 / 86 / / / / / / 12 / 2 / 91 Ⅰ 1963 / 88 / / / / / / 11 / 1 / 93 Ⅰ 1969 / 83 / / / / / / 13 / 4 / 87 Ⅰ 1972 五峰组 / 90 / / / / / / 8 / 2 / 93 Ⅰ 1975 / 88 / / / / / / 9 / 3 / 90 Ⅰ AY3 2471 龙马溪组 / 90 / / / / / / 8 / 2 / 93 Ⅰ 2474 / 90 / / / / / / 8 / 2 / 93 Ⅰ 2477 / 90 / / / / / / 7 / 3 / 91 Ⅰ 2480 / 89 / / / / / / 9 / 2 / 92 Ⅰ 2482 / 86 / / / / / / 10 / 4 / 88 Ⅰ 2485 / 88 / / / / / / 8 / 4 / 89 Ⅰ 2488 五峰组 / 89 / / / / / / 9 / 2 / 92 Ⅰ 2492 / 88 / / / / / / 9 / 3 / 90 Ⅰ 
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