Factors affecting high temperature rheological properties of polymers used in drilling fluid
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摘要: 聚合物对钻井液的高温流变特性具有重要影响。对比了聚合物种类、加量、剪切时间、盐、造浆黏土等对聚合物溶液高温流变性的影响，并对不同温度下的剪切速率-剪切应力关系进行了流变模型拟合。结果表明，温度升高、剪切时间及盐量增加均导致黏度降低，超过190℃后黏度下降速率加剧；含5%甲酸盐与5%卤盐的样品黏度在降温阶段的黏度恢复率分别为86.8%和2.7%；以宾汉模式对造浆黏土与聚合物混合液进行拟合，220℃时的动切力最高达到5.47 Pa。温度升高使得聚合物溶液由假塑性向牛顿性演变的趋势增强。高于130℃时，长时间剪切导致黏度下降的趋势明显，此时含甲酸盐的聚合物溶液黏度较含卤盐的高，且降温阶段的黏度恢复率也较高。黏土的存在增强了混合液的网间结构，有利于高温下携带岩屑。Abstract: Polymer has a significant effect on the high temperature rheology of drilling fluid.The effects of polymer type, addition amount, shear time, salt and clay on the HTHP rheological properties were compared and analyzed, and the relationship of shear rate and shear stress was fitted to different rheological models.The increase of temperature, shear time and salt amount all led to the decrease of viscosity, especially when the temperature exceeded 190℃.In the cooling progress, the viscosity recovery rates of polymer solutions containing 5% HCOONa and 5% NaCl are 86.8% and 2.7%, respectively.Bingham model was used to characterize the mixture of polymer and clays, and the maximum yield point was 5.47 Pa at 220℃.Heating increases the tendency of the polymer solution to change from pseudoplastic to Newtonian.Above 130℃, the tendency of viscosity to decrease is obvious duedue to shear time.Meanwhile, the viscosity of the formate-containing polymer salt solution is higher than that of the chlorinated salt, and the viscosity retention rate of the former in the cooling process is also higher.The presence of clay enhances the structure force of the polymer solution, which is helpful for cuttings transportation at high temperatures.
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Key words:
- drilling fluid /
- polymer /
- high temperature rheology /
- rheological model /
- viscosity
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图 3 不同聚合物溶液的黏度随温度变化曲线
Figure 3. Viscosity-temperature curves of various polymer solutions
图 4 聚合物溶液不同温度下的黏度降低率
Figure 4. Viscosity reduction rate of polymer solutions at different temperatures
图 6 温度对聚合物溶液黏度的影响(511 s-1剪切速率)
Figure 6. Influence of temperature on viscosity of polymer solutions
图 9 盐对聚合物溶液黏度的影响(511 s-1剪切速率)
Figure 9. Influence of salt on polymer viscosity (511 s-1)
图 10 聚合物盐溶液的升、降温阶段黏度变化(85.16 s-1剪切速率)
Figure 10. Viscosity variation of polymer salt solutions during heating-cooling process(85.16 s-1)
图 11 不同温度下剪切时间对黏度的影响
Figure 11. Influence of shear time on polymer viscosity at different temperature
图 12 造浆黏土对聚合物流变性的影响
a.聚合物F溶液的流变曲线；b.NV-1+聚合物F的流变曲线；c.SEP+聚合物F的流变曲线；d.ATTP+聚合物F的流变曲线
Figure 12. Influence of clay type on rheological properties of polymer solutions
表 1 造浆黏土+聚合物F的流变参数拟合
Table 1. Rheological parameters fitting of different clay suspensions
温度/℃ PV/(mPa·s) YP/Pa NV-1+聚合物 40 67.01 11.69 100 58.90 10.93 160 49.05 8.41 220 25.06 5.47 SEP+聚合物 40 62.96 11.11 100 51.76 10.12 160 44.60 9.24 220 21.72 4.18 ATTP+聚合物 40 58.95 8.86 100 46.09 6.76 160 28.13 3.24 220 16.24 2.35 
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