Sedimentary characteristics and significance in hydrocarbon exploration of sandy debris flow in Meishan Formation of the northern Lingshui Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin
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摘要: 通过岩心描述以及粒度、薄片资料的综合分析，结合区域古地貌特征、地震相研究成果，详细论述了琼东南盆地陵水凹陷北部梅山组砂质碎屑流砂岩沉积构造特征及识别标志，并在此基础上建立了研究区砂质碎屑流沉积模式。研究区梅山组砂质碎屑流砂岩主要为厚层块状构造粉砂岩-极细砂岩以及具有丰富同生变形构造的粉砂质泥岩、泥岩与粉砂岩互层2种岩性组合，成因为陆架坡折之上的三角洲前缘、前三角洲沉积物发生整体性"冻结"滑动、滑塌再沉积所形成，其平面分布主要受陆架坡折所控制，大致呈平行于陆架坡折带分布的舌形形态。结合区域油气成藏要素研究认为研究区砂质碎屑流砂岩可通过沟源断层沟通深部烃源岩，形成下生上储型岩性油气藏，为琼东南盆地大中型油气藏勘探突破的重点领域。Abstract: Through comprehensive analysis of core description, core slice observation and grain size data, in combination with regional palaeogeomorphology and seismic facies study, the sedimentary structure characteristics and its identification mark of the Meishan Formation sandy debris flow in northern Lingshui Sag of Qiongdongnan Basin were discussed in details.The sedimentary model of sandy debris flow in the study area is then established based on its sedimentary environment and characteristics.Two main lithological associations developed in sandy debris flow sedimentation in the Meishan Formation, which were thick massive bedding siltstone to very fine sandstone without sedimentary structure and silty mudstone, mudstone and siltstone interbeds with abundant contemporaneous deformation structure.These lithological associations formed during the process when the sediments of the delta front and the pre-delta on the shelf went frozen sliding as whole and collapsed and deposited again as sandy debris flow.Their distribution was mainly controlled by the shelf break and roughly distributed parallel to the shelf break showing tongue shaped outline.Combined with regional hydrocarbon accumulation elements study, it was thought the sandy debris flow sandstone in the study area could form lower-generation and upper-reservoir type lithological reservoirs with faults connecting to deep source rock, and this would be an important exploration break through to realize the exploration breakthrough in finding large and medium-sized oil and gas reservoirs in Qiongdongnan Basin.
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图 2 陵水凹陷北部梅山组砂质碎屑流沉积时期古地貌特征
Figure 2. Sedimentary paleoenvironment of sandy debris flow in the northern Lingshui Sag
图 3 LS13-2X井砂质碎屑流沉积特征
Figure 3. Sedimentary characteristics of sandy debris flow sandstone in Well LS13-2X
图 4 研究区砂质碎屑流沉积中的岩性突变接触面及剪切面特征
Figure 4. Lithologic discontinuity surface and shear surface in sandy debris flow cores
图 5 研究区砂质碎屑流岩心中的“泥包砂”构造特征
Figure 5. "Argillaceous parcel" in sandy debris flow sandstone cores
图 6 研究区砂质碎屑流沉积中的泄水构造、砂球砂枕构造与泥岩撕裂屑
Figure 6. Water-escape structure, sandball and sand pillow structure in sandy debris flow cores
图 7 陵水凹陷北部梅山组砂质碎屑流砂岩镜下孔隙类型特征
Figure 7. Micro characteristics of reservoir under microscope of sandy debris flow in the northern Lingshui Sag
图 8 陵水凹陷北部梅山组砂质碎屑流砂岩粒度分布
Figure 8. Sandstone grain size distribution of sandy debris flow in the northern Lingshui Sag
图 9 陵水凹陷北部砂质碎屑流砂岩地震反射特征典型剖面
Figure 9. Typical seismic reflection characteristics of sandy debris flow sandstone in the northern Lingshui Sag (section position as shown in Fig. 1, A-A′)
图 10 陵水凹陷北部梅山组砂质碎屑流砂岩沉积模式图
Figure 10. Sediment pattern of sandy debris flow sandstone of Meishan Formation
图 11 陵水凹陷北部梅山组地震最小振幅属性与方差体切片叠合图
Figure 11. Superimpose of seismic attribute and slice of variance cube of Meishan Formation
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