Segmentation of the movement in Indosinian of the Changde-Anren fault in Hunan: Constraints from granite
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摘要: 常德-安仁断裂是湖南东部一条NW向大断裂。以大量的基础地质资料为基础，对该断裂的分段性特征进行了总结；基于断裂带印支期花岗岩成因及分布规律，提出其在中三叠世晚期印支运动主幕中的活动具有分段性。根据断裂带及其两侧地区构造特征以及出露地层和岩浆岩等方面的差异，将常德-安仁断裂分为安仁-衡山段（Ⅰ）、湘乡段（Ⅱ）、桃江段（Ⅲ）、常德-石门段（Ⅳ）4段，各段间以穿切深部地壳乃至地幔的NE向深大断裂为界。NE向深大断裂主要形成于加里东运动并具左行走滑，其将常德-安仁断裂切错为互不连通的多段，导致后者在中生代的构造运动具分段性。区域上晚三叠世花岗岩主要为后碰撞环境下深部地壳熔融形成的S型花岗岩。常德-安仁断裂带上晚三叠世花岗岩的分布特征指示该断裂在印支运动主幕中的活动具有明显的分段性：中三叠世印支运动主幕中断裂湘乡段深部发生剪切活动，在端部受限的条件下其运动幅度、剪切强度及相应的增温效应自该段中部向端部减小，导致晚三叠世的深部地壳减压熔融仅发生于湘乡段中段，相应的花岗岩体则出露于湘乡段中段和北段。这一构造-岩浆机制在安仁-衡山段和桃江段得到同样反映。常德-安仁断裂在印支期的分段运动，是先期贯通断裂被NE向深大断裂切错为多段后产生的"被动性"分段运动，有别于-般的多条小断裂发生、扩展并最终连接为一条大断裂的"主动性"断裂分段运动或分段生长。Abstract: Changde-Anren fault is a large NW-trending fault in eastern Hunan Province.Based on a large number of basic geological data, this paper summarized the segmental characteristics of the fault; according to the oringin and distribution of Indosinian granite in the fault zone, the paper suggests that the activity of the fault in the main episode of Indosinian movement in the Late Middle Triassic was segmented.According to the structural characteristics of the fault and its two sides, the exposed strata and magmatic rocks, the Changde-Anren fault can be divided into four segments such as Anren-Hengshan segment (Ⅰ), Xiangxiang segment (Ⅱ), Taojiang segment (Ⅲ) and Changde-Shimen segment (Ⅳ), between which are NE-trending deep faults that cut through the deep crust and even the mantle.The NE-trending deep faults were mainly formed in Caledonian movement with sinistral strike-slipping, and cut the Changde-Anren fault into several disconnected segments, which resulted in the segmentation of the movement in Mesozoic of the Changde-Anren fault.In the region, the Late Triassic granites are mainly S-type granites formed by deep crustal melting in a post-collisional environment.The distribution characteristics of Late Triassic granites in the Changde-Anren fault indicate that the activity of the fault in the main episode of Indosinian movement is obviously segmented: there occurred shearing of the Xiangxiang segment of Changde-Anren fault in the deep part in Middle Triassic Indosinian movement, when the movement amplitude, shear strength and corresponding warming effect decreased from the middle to the end of the segment for the end restriction, which caused that the decompression-melting of deep crustal in Late Triassic only occurred in the middle part of Xiangxiang segment, and the corresponding granites were exposed in the middle and northern sections of Xiangxiang segment.This structural-magmatic mechanism is also reflected in Anren-Hengshan segment and Taojiang segment.The segmental movement of the Changde-Anren fault in Indosinian is a "passive" segmental movement after the first penetrating fault was divided into several segments by the NE-trending deep fault, which is different from the general "active" fault segmental movement or segmental growth with many small faults occurring, expanding and finally being connected into a large fault.
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图 1 湖南常德-安仁断裂区域地质图
常德-安仁断裂分段：Ⅰ.安仁-衡山段；Ⅱ.湘乡段；Ⅲ.桃江段；Ⅳ.常德-石门段。褶皱名称：f1.大源背斜；f2.紫金仙背斜；f3.蕉园背斜；f4.包公潭向斜；f5.杨柳铺向斜；f6.白云背斜；f7.天鹅山向斜；f8.太阳山背斜；f9.牛头背斜；f10.方石坪背斜；f11.洞市向斜。断裂名称：F1.慈利-保靖断裂(江南断裂)；F2.溆浦-靖州断裂；F3.通道-江口断裂；F4.城步-江口断裂；F5.城步-新化断裂；F6.公田-灰汤-新宁断裂；F7.连云山-衡阳断裂；F8.茶陵-郴州断裂；F9.常德-安仁断裂；F10.川口-双牌断裂；F11.水垅冲断裂；F12.枣子坪断裂；F13.棋梓-乌石断裂；F14.油次冲断裂
Figure 1. Geological map of the Changede-Anren fault in Hunan
图 3 常德-安仁断裂现今剖面结构特征
A.安仁-衡山段过川口构造剖面；B.湘乡段过紫云山岩体和歇马岩体构造剖面；C.桃江段过煤炭坝构造剖面；D.常德-石门段过石门构造剖面
Figure 3. Present section structural characteristics of Changde-Anren fault
图 4 水垅冲断裂剖面(水垅冲)
①粉砂质板岩；②钙质页岩；③粉砂岩；Qb1x.冷家溪群小木坪组；D2y.泥盆系易家湾组
Figure 4. Section of Shuilongchong fault (at Shuilongchong)
图 5 水垅冲断裂剖面(高湖西侧)
①劈理化带；②褶皱；③页岩；④泥岩；D3o.泥盆系欧家冲组
Figure 5. Section of Shuilongchong fault (on the west of Gaohu)
图 6 常德-安仁断裂印支期分段变形机制示意图
Figure 6. Segmental deformation mechanism of the Changde-Anren fault in Indosinian
表 1 常德-安仁断裂各段地质特征差异
Table 1. Differences in geological characteristics of each section of Changde-Anren fault
断裂分段 地层 岩浆岩 主要构造特征 印支运动主幕构造体制 白垩纪-古近纪断陷盆地 安仁-衡山段(Ⅰ) 主要出露冷家溪群，其次为上古生界，其他地层少量 主要发育加里东期花岗岩、印支期花岗岩 总体为一NNW向隆起构造；印支运动主幕构造线主要为NNE-近SN向 NW-NWW向挤压 东侧发育NE向条状盆地，西侧发育面状衡阳大型盆地 湘乡段(Ⅱ) 主要出露板溪群和白垩系-古近系，少量上古生界 大量发育印支期花岗岩 总体为一NNW向隆起构造；印支运动主幕构造线为NE向 NW向挤压 东侧发育NE向条状盆地 桃江段(Ⅲ) 主要出露冷家溪群和上古生界，其次为南华系-志留系和白垩系-古近系 发育少量印支期花岗岩 未显示NNW向隆起；印支运动主幕构造线为NEE向 NNW向挤压 东侧发育NE向沅江凹陷和湘阴凹陷 常德-石门段(Ⅳ) 主要出露白垩系、南华系-志留系、上古生界 无花岗岩发育 未显示NNW向隆起；印支运动主幕构造线为EW向 SN向挤压 在南段和中段，断陷盆地横跨断裂带及两侧 
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