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基于非开挖随钻检测系统与随机森林的地层岩性识别

徐晗 姚孔轩 程丹仪 宋强银 马志明 朱旭明 乌效鸣 赵官慧 蔡晓春

徐晗, 姚孔轩, 程丹仪, 宋强银, 马志明, 朱旭明, 乌效鸣, 赵官慧, 蔡晓春. 基于非开挖随钻检测系统与随机森林的地层岩性识别[J]. 地质科技通报, 2021, 40(5): 272-280. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0039
引用本文: 徐晗, 姚孔轩, 程丹仪, 宋强银, 马志明, 朱旭明, 乌效鸣, 赵官慧, 蔡晓春. 基于非开挖随钻检测系统与随机森林的地层岩性识别[J]. 地质科技通报, 2021, 40(5): 272-280. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0039
Xu Han, Yao Kongxuan, Cheng Danyi, Song Qiangyin, Ma Zhiming, Zhu Xuming, Wu Xiaoming, Zhao Guanhui, Cai Xiaochun. Stratigraphic lithology identification based on no-dig Logging While Drilling system and random forest[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2021, 40(5): 272-280. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0039
Citation: Xu Han, Yao Kongxuan, Cheng Danyi, Song Qiangyin, Ma Zhiming, Zhu Xuming, Wu Xiaoming, Zhao Guanhui, Cai Xiaochun. Stratigraphic lithology identification based on no-dig Logging While Drilling system and random forest[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2021, 40(5): 272-280. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0039

基于非开挖随钻检测系统与随机森林的地层岩性识别

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0039
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 41731284

详细信息
    作者简介:

    徐晗(1994-), 男, 现正攻读地质工程专业博士学位, 主要从事地下空间工程研究工作。E-mail: xuhancug@163.com

    通讯作者:

    乌效鸣(1956-), 男, 教授, 主要从事岩土钻掘与工程浆液研究。E-mail: xmwu5610@163.com

  • 中图分类号: P618.4

Stratigraphic lithology identification based on no-dig Logging While Drilling system and random forest

  • 摘要: 通过自主研发设计的非开挖随钻检测系统,采集非开挖钻进参数,进行非开挖钻进实时地层岩性识别,为非开挖施工提供安全信息保证。针对非开挖工程工勘资料缺乏,掘进地层岩性难以判断的问题,提出了一种基于非开挖随钻检测系统实时采集数据,利用随机森林算法建立地层识别模型,通过模型去识别未知地层,并将识别结果可视化展示。通过非开挖随钻检测系统在工程现场的实际应用,获得了包括钻速、扭矩、转速、拉力、泵压、泵量等钻进敏感参数作为训练样本,利用随机森林算法对采集的钻进参数进行训练,构造决策树与随机森林,对钻进参数进行分类,建立了以典型非开挖地层岩性分类为目标的分类模型,分别确定了杂填土、黏土、粉细砂、砾石和淤泥的地层分类标签。进一步,基于机器学习的分类结果,利用PCA主成分分析将地层识别特征降维至三维,实现了地层岩性识别结果的三维展示。将预测模型应用于实际工程,以验证其有效性。结果表明,该方法能在非开挖实时钻进条件下快速识别钻进地层,识别正确率高达92%。该研究成果通过采集导向随钻参数,识别非开挖掘进段地层岩性,为非开挖扩孔阶段钻具选型、泥浆设计等提供了重要信息。

     

  • 图 1  非开挖随钻检测系统框架

    Figure 1.  Frame diagram of no-dig detection while drilling system

    图 2  扭矩检测原理图

    Figure 2.  Schematic diagram of torque detection

    图 3  泥浆压力传感器

    Figure 3.  Mud pressure sensor

    图 4  随钻检测系统剖面图

    Figure 4.  Profile chart of LWD system

    图 5  随钻检测系统实物图

    Figure 5.  Physical diagram of LWD system

    图 6  随机森林算法实现流程[13]

    Figure 6.  Implementation process of random forest algorithm

    图 7  地层识别模型其中一棵决策树

    Figure 7.  A decision tree in stratum recognition model

    图 8  PCA降维后分类结果展示

    Figure 8.  Display of classification results after PCA dimension reduction

    图 9  奉新液化气站等杆配变增容工程工程地质横剖面图

    Figure 9.  Cross section of engineering geology of equal pole distribution transformer capacity expansion project in Fengxin lpg station

    图 10  地层岩性特征数据PCA展示图

    Figure 10.  PCA display diagram of stratigraphic lithology characteristic data

    表  1  随钻数据举例

    Table  1.   Examples of data while drilling

    识别特征 钻速/(m·h-1) 扭矩/(N·m) 转速/(r·min-1) 轴向力/MPa 泥浆压力/MPa
    杂填土 7.0 13 025 120 6.0 4.0
    6.8 12 661 115 5.9 3.9
    7.2 13 212 126 6.1 4.1
    7.0 13 174 124 6.2 4.1
    7.3 13 300 136 6.4 4.3
    黏土 10.0 3 830 130 4.0 2.6
    12.0 4 042 140 4.4 2.9
    13.0 4 217 150 4.6 2.8
    12.0 3 794 142 4.2 2.7
    9.0 3 835 122 3.8 2.3
    粉细砂 8.0 7 014 120 5.0 3.0
    7.0 6 056 110 4.1 2.1
    7.4 6 537 115 4.5 2.5
    7.2 6 208 112 4.2 2.2
    8.6 7 615 126 5.6 3.6
    砾石 2.0 15 363 100 8.0 4.2
    2.1 15 507 105 8.1 4.2
    2.2 15 766 110 8.3 4.2
    2.4 15 982 120 8.3 4.3
    1.8 15 006 90 7.9 4.1
    淤泥 5.0 10 892 140 2.0 4.0
    5.2 11 254 142 2.0 4.1
    5.1 11 146 138 2.0 3.9
    4.8 10 793 130 2.0 3.8
    5.4 11 404 150 2.0 4.4
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  扭矩数据运算展示节选

    Table  2.   Excerpt of torque data operation display

    编号 扭矩/(N·m) 地层岩性
    1 12 661 杂填土
    2 13 174 杂填土
    3 4 042 黏土
    4 3 794 黏土
    5 7 014 粉细砂
    6 6 537 粉细砂
    7 15 507 砾石
    8 15 982 砾石
    9 11 254 淤泥
    10 10 793 淤泥
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  模型精确度验证数据

    Table  3.   Validation data of model accuracy

    识别特征 钻速/(m·h-1) 扭矩/(N·m) 转速/(r·min-1) 轴向力/MPa 泥浆压力/MPa 工勘岩性 岩性识别 识别结果
    1 10.0 4 102 139 4.0 2.6 黏土 粉质黏土 正确
    2 2.0 17 100 98 7.0 4.1 砾石 弱胶结砾岩 正确
    3 5.0 11 100 140 1.9 4.0 淤泥 淤泥 正确
    4 7.1 13 061 122 5.9 4.1 杂填土 杂填土 正确
    5 7.9 6 899 114 5.0 3.0 粉细砂 粉砂 正确
    6 13.0 4 200 148 4.5 2.9 黏土 粉质黏土 正确
    7 1.8 15 831 108 7.8 4.0 砾石 中胶结砾岩 正确
    8 5.1 11 156 144 2.0 4.1 淤泥 淤泥 正确
    9 6.9 12 856 118 5.8 4.0 杂填土 杂填土 正确
    10 8.3 7 320 126 5.2 3.3 粉细砂 粉细砂 正确
    11 9.0 3 825 121 3.8 2.2 黏土 粉质黏土 正确
    12 2.1 15 930 113 8.2 4.2 砾石 杂填土 错误
    下载: 导出CSV
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