Main controlling factors and development model of the Miocene marine source rocks in Yinggehai Basin
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摘要: 中新统海相烃源岩是中国近海莺歌海盆地主要油气供给层段，也是我国新生代海相烃源岩的典型代表。综合利用地质、地球化学和古生物等资料，在烃源岩有机地球化学特征分析的基础上，探讨了莺歌海盆地中新统海相烃源岩发育的主控因素，并建立了相应的形成模式。结果表明，莺歌海盆地发育中等-好级别的中新统海相烃源岩，并具有较强的横向与纵向非均质性；中新统海相烃源岩受古气候、古生产力、水介质条件、沉积速率及海平面变化等因素的综合影响，发育以莺东斜坡带梅山组、三亚组为代表的海相陆源型和以东方区、乐东区梅山组为代表的海相内源型2种模式，其中以海相内源型烃源岩生烃条件最为优越。Abstract: The Miocene marine source rock is the main oil and gas supplier of the Yinggehai Basin and the typical representative of the Cenozoic marine source rocks in China.Based on comprehensive analysis of geological, geochemical and paleontological data and the study of the geochemical characteristics of the source rocks, the paper discusses the main controlling factors and establishes models of the development of the Miocene marine source rocks in Yinggehai Basin.The results show that medium-good Miocene marine source rocks are developed with strong lateral and vertical heterogeneity in Yinggehai Basin.And the Miocene marine source rocks in Yinggehai Basin are influenced by paleoclimate, paleoproductivity, water medium conditions, sedimentation rate and sea level changes.Two models of the type of marine terrestrial source represented by Meishan Formation and Sanya Formation in Yingdong slope belt and the type of marine endogenous type represented by Meishan Formation in Dongfang area and Ledong area are developed, in contrast, the latter hydrocarbon generation conditions are more excellent.
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图 1 莺歌海盆地构造单元划分图(a)及地层柱状图(b)
Figure 1. Tectonic units division map (a) and stratigraphic histogram (b) of Yinggehai Basin
图 2 莺歌海盆地东方区(A)、乐东区(B)与莺东斜坡带(C)中新统烃源岩w(TOC)和S1+S2交汇图
Figure 2. Intersection diagram of TOC content and S1+S2 of Miocene source rocks of the Dongfang area (A), Ledong area (B) and Yingdong slope zone (C) in Yinggehai Basin
图 3 莺歌海盆地东方区(A)、乐东区(B)与莺东斜坡带(C)中新统烃源岩HI-Tmax交汇图
Figure 3. Intersection diagram of HI-Tmax of Miocene source rocks of the Dongfang area(A), Ledong area(B) and Yingdong slope zone (C) in Yinggehai Basin
图 4 莺歌海盆地乐东区(A)与莺东斜坡带(B)中新统烃源岩深度与镜质体反射率关系图
Figure 4. Relationship between depth and vitrinite reflectance of Miocene source rocks of the Ledong area(A), and Yingdong slope zone (B) in Yinggehai Basin
图 5 莺歌海盆地中新统烃源岩气候类型、气候干湿度分析图
A.H29-2井; b.L1-1A井
Figure 5. Analysis of climate type and dry-wet climate of the Miocene source rocks in Yinggehai Basin
图 6 莺歌海盆地生源构成堆积图(数据源自文献[17])
Figure 6. Accumulation diagram of organic matter source composition of the Yinggehai Basin
图 7 TOC质量分数与(C21+C22)/(C28+C29)(A)、姥鲛烷/植烷(B)及高岭石质量分数(C)相关分析图
Figure 7. Correlation analysis of TOC with (C21+C22)/(C28+C29) (A), pristane/phytane (B)and kaolinite content (C) content
图 8 H29-1井伽马能谱曲线Th/K比值随深度变化
Figure 8. Varying of the Th/K ratio from gamma spectrum curve with depth in the Well H29-1
图 9 莺歌海盆地代表性单井梅山组烃源岩沉积速率图
Figure 9. Diagram showing the sedimentation rate of the Meishan Formation source rocks of the representative wells in Yinggehai Basin
图 10 莺歌海盆地中新统海相烃源岩高岭石质量分数随深度变化图
Figure 10. Varying of kaolinite content with depth of the Miocene Meishan Formation marine source rocks in Yinggehai Basin
图 11 莺歌海盆地中新统海相烃源岩发育模式图
Figure 11. Development model of the Miocene marine source rocks in Yinggehai Basin
表 1 莺歌海盆地中新统海相烃源岩生物标志化合物统计
Table 1. Statistics of biomarkers of the Miocene marine source rocks in Yinggehai Basin
层位 区域 样品数 CPI (C21+C22)/(C28+C29) 姥鲛烷/植烷 范围 平均 范围 平均 范围 平均 梅山组 东方区 21 1.03~2.10 1.21 0.66~10.72 5.01 0.24~0.51 0.37 乐东区 27.91~38.52 33.22 0.53~0.75 0.64 莺东斜坡带 0.98~15.09 4.17 0.32~1.50 0.92 三亚组 东方区 7 1.07~1.99 1.30 1.60~5.33 2.88 0.90~2.39 1.58 莺东斜坡带 0.51 2.16 
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表 2 莺歌海盆地古生产力恢复参数及结果统计
Table 2. List of calculation parameters and calculation results of paleo-productivity of the Miocene marine source rocks in Yinggehai Basin
层位 区域 井号 沉积速率/
(m·Ma-1)w(TOC)/% 孔隙度/% 沉积物密度/
(g·cm-3)古海洋生产力/
(g·cm-2·a-1)古海洋生产力平均
值/(g·cm-2·a-1)梅山组 东方区 H29-2 406.15 0.75 0.19 0.22 58.35 58.35 乐东区 L22-7 215.60 0.71 0.10 0.22 71.32 146.02 L30-1A 63.05 2.09 0.09 0.22 220.72 莺东
斜坡带L1-1A 215.60 0.76 0.16 0.22 74.18 83.51 L33-1 63.05 0.65 0.15 0.22 92.84 三亚组 L1-1A 111.39 0.65 0.19 0.22 74.58 82.70 L34-1 57.12 0.66 0.21 0.22 90.82
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表 3 莺歌海盆地古盐度指标Sr/Ba比值统计
Table 3. Statistics of Sr/Ba ratio of paleosalinity index in Yinggehai Basin
层位 区域 井位 深度
h/mSr Ba Sr/Ba Sr/Ba
均值wB/% 梅山组 东方区 H30-1A 1 777 0.05 0.6 0.083 3 8.87 H30-1A 1 801 0.05 0.5 0.010 0 H30-1A 1 848 0.05 0.6 0.083 3 莺东
斜坡带L34-1 2 489 0.05 1.0 0.050 0 6.46 L34-1 2 556 0.05 0.8 0.062 5 L34-1 2 580 0.05 0.6 0.083 3 L34-1 2 604 0.05 0.8 0.062 5 三亚组 莺东
斜坡带L34-1 2 772 0.05 1.0 0.050 0 4.20 L34-1 2 811 0.05 1.0 0.050 0 L34-1 2 844 0.05 1.0 0.050 0 L34-1 2 871 0.05 1.0 0.050 0 L34-1 2 655 0.05 5.0 0.010 0
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