Analysis method for in-situ trace element determination of magnetite by LA-ICP-MS
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摘要: 激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术在矿物微量元素分析方面具有原位、高分辨率和高灵敏度等优势，近年来磁铁矿LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素研究进展迅速，并在地质领域得到了广泛应用。利用长安大学成矿作用及其动力学实验室Agilent 7700X四极杆等离子体质谱和Photo Machines Analyte Excite 193 nm激光，建立了LA-ICP-MS测定磁铁矿原位微量元素组成的分析方法。以美国地质调查局(USGS)玻璃标样BIR-1G、BHVO-2G、BCR-2G和GSE-1G为校正标准，采用无内标-多外标法对磁铁矿中微量元素进行了定量计算，并测定了NIST612和自然岩浆磁铁矿BC28的微量元素组成，以评估本实验室建立方法的可靠性。结果表明，NIST612所有微量元素的相对标准偏差(RSD, N=30)变化于1.31%~6.33%之间，多数元素的测定结果与推荐值及前人LA-ICP-MS方法测定值的相对误差小于10%；BC28大部分微量元素的相对标准偏差(RSD, N=30)小于10%，其中11个重要微量元素与前人LA-ICP-MS测定值的相对误差基本小于10%。以上结果表明本实验室建立的方法可以实现对磁铁矿原位微区微量元素的分析测定，分析数据结果准确可靠，具有良好的应用前景。Abstract: Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) method is characterized by in-situ, high space resolution and high sensitivity. Therefore, the study of LA-ICP-MS in-situ trace elements analysis in magnetite has made a rapid progress and it is widely used in geological field in recent years. An analytical method for the trace elements determination of magnetite by LA-ICP-MS using Agilent 7700X inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Photo Machines Analyte Excite 193nm laser ablation was established at the laboratory of mineralization and dynamics, Chang′an University. This method adopts multiple external standards (BIR-1G, BHVO-2G, BCR-2G and GSE-1G) as calibration standards without an internal standard. Trace element compositions of the glass standard material NIST 612 and natural magmatic magnetite BC 28 were determined by the established method to evaluate its reliability. The results show that the relative standard deviation (RSD, N=30) of trace elements in NIST 612 ranges from 1.31% to 6.33%. Compared with the recommended values and the previous reference values obtained by LA-ICP-MS, the relative error of most elements in NIST 612 is smaller than 10%. The RSD (N=30) of most elements in BC 28 is lower than 10%, and the relative error of 11 important trace elements in BC 28 is smaller than 10% compared with the reported values by LA-ICP-MS. The above results show that in-situ trace element determination of magnetite can be carried out by using the method established in this study. The analysis data is accurate and reliable, and it has a great application potential.
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Key words:
- LA-ICP-MS /
- magnetite /
- trace element /
- in-situ analysis
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图 1 NIST612中Si归一化和Fe归一化校正结果与推荐值[48]的相对误差
Figure 1. Relative error of NIST612 between calibration values obtained by Si and Fe normalization and recommended values
图 3 自然岩浆磁铁矿BC28内标法和无内标-多外标法校正结果的相对误差
Figure 3. Relative error of average concentrations in natural magmatic magnetite BC28 obtained by internal standard method and non internal standard-multiple external standards method
表 1 LA-ICP-MS工作参数
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS working conditions
ICP-MS工作参数 激光工作参数 仪器型号 Agilent7700X 仪器型号 Analyte Excite193 nm RF射频功率/W 1 450 激光能量密度/(J·cm-2) 5.9 冷却气流速/(L·min-1) 15 载气(He)流量/(L·min-1) 0.8 锥 镍锥 剥蚀方式 点剥蚀 载气(Ar)流量/(L·min-1) 0.8 束斑直径/μm 50 采样深度/mm 4.5~5 频率/Hz 5 积分时间/s 40 脉冲数/次 200 
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表 2 磁铁矿LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素分析标样类型及其相关元素质量分数
Table 2. Types and element contents of standard reference materials for LA-ICP-MS in-situ trace element analysis of magnetite
标样名称 标样类型 Fe
wB/%其他元素
wB/10-6研制机构 NIST610 合成硅酸盐玻璃 0.045 8 23.6~516 美国国家标准与技术研究院(NIST) NIST612 合成硅酸盐玻璃 0.005 1 4.77~78.4 BIR-1G 玄武岩玻璃 7.91 0.3~215 133 美国地质调查局(USGS) BHVO-2G 玄武岩玻璃 8.63 0.3~232 866 BCR-2G 玄武岩玻璃 9.66 0.5~252 460 GSE-1G 合成玄武岩玻璃 9.88 1.17~250 600 BC 28 自然岩浆磁铁矿 57.20 0.81~17 508 加拿大魁北克大学 注：表中玻璃标样元素含量参考GeoReM数据库，具体见网站地址http://georem.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/sample_query_pref.asp；BC28磁铁矿标样数据参考Dare等[ 40 ]
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表 3 监控样NIST612微量元素分析结果
Table 3. Element concentrations ayalysis of monitoring sample NIST612
项目名称 NIST612测定值 NIST612推荐值 NIST612参考值 测试方法 LA-ICP-MS 重量分析法 LA-ICP-MS 数据来源及结果 本文 Pearce等[48] 柳小明等[20] 张德贤等[25] Si归一化 Fe归一化 相对误差① AV 1σ RSD/% AV 1σ RSD/% AV 1σ AV 1σ AV 1σ N=30 N=30 N=12~127 N=5 Na 98 824 1 298 1.3 98 360 1 292 1.3 -0.5 103 719 4 200 97 708 5 988 - - Mg 59 2.15 3.6 58.6 2.12 3.6 -1.4 77.4 30.2 64 6 63 5 Al 10 391 156 1.5 10 271 154 1.5 -1.2 11 165 847 - - 11 360 852 Ca 84 562 1 463 1.7 84 997 1471 1.7 0.5 85 263 1571 - - - - Sc 40.5 0.75 1.8 39.8 0.73 1.8 -1.8 41.1 4.09 40 1 40 3 Ti 41.9 1.83 4.4 41.7 1.82 4.4 -0.7 48.1 3.01 44 4 39 2 V 37.2 0.67 1.8 37.1 0.67 1.8 -0.2 39.2 3.76 38 3 39 3 Cr 38.3 0.77 2.0 37.4 0.75 2.0 -2.2 39.9 15.2 39 2 38 4 Mn 38.2 0.69 1.8 38.4 0.69 1.8 0.6 38.4 0.99 37 1 43 4 Co 33.2 0.61 1.8 32.7 0.60 1.8 -1.5 35.3 2.44 35 1 35 3 Ni 36.7 1.05 2.9 36.0 1.03 2.9 -1.9 38.4 4.64 38 1 38 8 Cu 36.4 1.00 2.7 36.1 0.99 2.7 -0.8 36.7 3.07 37 2 37 2 Zn 35.8 1.39 3.9 35.3 1.37 3.9 -1.5 37.9 3.86 38 1 43 3 Ga 35.4 0.72 2.0 35.2 0.71 2.0 -0.7 36.2 2.03 37 1 38 3 Ge 35.3 0.78 2.2 35.1 0.77 2.2 -0.6 34.6 2.64 - - 39 3 Rb 29.9 0.58 1.9 29.7 0.57 1.9 -0.6 31.6 0.59 32 1 - - Sr 78.4 1.27 1.6 77.8 1.26 1.6 -0.8 76.2 76.2 75 2 78.4 82 Y 39.0 0.67 1.7 38.2 0.65 1.7 -1.9 38.3 2.14 38 1 - - Zr 37.8 0.80 2.1 37.2 0.79 2.1 -1.6 36.0 1.25 37 1 - - Nb 38.3 0.67 1.7 37.5 0.65 1.7 -2.2 38.1 0.86 36 2 - - Mo 36.9 0.95 2.6 36.3 0.94 2.6 -1.6 37.0 1.65 35 2 37 3 Ag 20.9 0.51 2.4 20.4 0.50 2.4 -2.3 21.9 3.26 - - 21 2 Cd 30.3 1.40 4.6 31.4 1.45 4.6 3.8 28.3 0.65 - - 31 2 In 45.8 0.69 1.5 46.5 0.70 1.5 1.5 42.9 4.32 - - 39 3 Sn 42.0 0.88 2.1 41.7 0.88 2.1 -0.7 38.0 1.76 40 2 37 3 Sb 39.6 0.82 2.1 38.7 0.80 2.1 -2.3 38.4 2.26 - - 33 3 Ba 40.0 1.18 2.9 39.5 1.16 2.9 -1.2 37.7 1.26 37 1 - - Hf 36.3 0.72 2.0 35.5 0.71 2.0 -2.3 34.8 3.65 35 2 - - Ta 41.3 0.70 1.7 41.0 0.70 1.7 -0.6 39.8 2.15 36 3 - - W 38.3 0.75 2.0 37.4 0.74 2.0 -2.3 39.6 0.78 - - 40 3 Pb 37.2 0.68 1.8 36.4 0.48 1.3 -2.1 39.0 1.84 38 2 41.4 3.5 Bi 30.5 0.49 1.6 29.8 0.66 2.2 -2.4 29.8 5.98 - - 33.9 2.9 Th 38.1 0.65 1.7 37.2 0.64 1.7 -2.3 37.2 0.72 37 1 44.4 3.8 U 37.5 0.62 1.7 36.7 0.61 1.7 -2.3 37.2 1.23 37 1 45.3 3.9 注：AV表示测定值的平均值(μg/g)；1σ单位μg/g; RSD表示测定值的相对标准偏差；N表示测试点数；“-”代表缺失值；相对误差=(测量值-推荐值或参考值)/推荐值或参考值。①是以Si归一化结果为参考值，Fe归一化结果为测量值计算得到
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表 4 监控样自然岩浆磁铁矿BC28微量元素分析结果
Table 4. Element concentrations analysis of monitoring sample natural magmatic magnetite BC28
项目名称 BC28磁铁矿测定值 测试方法 LA-ICP-MS 数据来源及结果 本文 第一次结果 第二次结果 Fe归一化 Fe作内标 不同方法校正结果相对误差/%② Fe归一化 Fe作内标 不同方法校正结果相对误差/%② AV 1σ RSD/% AV 1σ RSD/% AV 1σ RSD/% AV 1σ RSD/% N=30 N=30 Mg 9 211 108 1.2 9 112 107 1.2 -1.1 9 074 77.4 0.9 8 702 74.2 0.9 -4.1 Al 18 625 210 1.1 18 418 207 1.1 -1.1 18 337 157 0.9 18 234 157 0.9 -0.6 Sc 20.2 0.43 2.1 20.5 0.44 2.1 1.8 21.6 0.46 2.1 21.5 0.46 2.1 -0.5 Ti 74 871 925 1.2 74 048 915 1.2 -1.1 76 836 758 1.0 76 446 753 1.0 -0.5 V 9 319 118 1.3 9 453 120 1.3 1.4 9 623 90.8 0.9 9 869 93.3 0.9 2.6 Cr 1 455 17.8 1.2 1 463 17.9 1.2 0.5 1 505 14.0 0.9 1 513 14.1 0.9 0.5 Mn 1 849 21.8 1.2 1 802 21.2 1.2 -2.5 1 944 16.7 0.9 1 932 16.6 0.9 -0.6 Co 262 3.35 1.3 260 3.32 1.3 -1.1 263 3.65 1.4 262 3.90 1.5 -0.4 Ni 551 7.97 1.4 545 8.31 1.5 -1.0 577 8.13 1.4 566 8.49 1.5 -1.9 Cu 9.01 0.68 7.5 7.91 0.59 7.5 -12.2 24.4 1.92 7.9 24.3 1.92 7.9 -0.5 Zn 310 5.72 1.8 299 5.82 1.9 -3.5 387 7.38 1.9 375 7.15 1.9 -3.2 Ga 44.0 0.89 2.0 42.7 0.91 2.1 -2.9 50.4 0.99 2.0 50.1 0.99 2.0 -0.5 Ge 0.73 0.13 18.3 0.72 0.13 18.4 -1.4 0.94 0.17 17.7 0.94 0.16 17.5 0.3 Zr 11.0 0.46 4.2 9.59 0.40 4.2 -13.1 12.2 0.50 4.1 11.3 0.46 4.1 -7.6 Nb 1.05 0.07 6.8 0.98 0.07 6.8 -7.5 1.06 0.07 6.7 1.06 0.07 6.7 -0.3 Mo 0.42 0.10 24.1 0.39 0.09 24.1 -6.5 0.46 0.13 27.8 0.44 0.12 27.8 -4.9 Sn 1.25 0.13 10.0 1.24 0.12 10.0 -1.0 1.72 0.16 9.5 1.72 0.16 9.5 -0.2 Hf 0.62 0.07 10.9 0.61 0.07 10.9 -1.1 0.60 0.07 11.2 0.60 0.07 11.3 -0.6 Ta 0.06 0.01 18.8 0.06 0.01 18.8 -0.9 0.06 0.01 18.6 0.06 0.01 18.5 0.1 项目名称 BC28磁铁矿测定值 BC28磁铁矿参考值 BC28钛铁矿测定值 测试方法 LA-ICP-MS LA-ICP-MS LA-ICP-MS 数据来源及结果 本文 Dare等[40] Dare等[30] 孟郁苗等[21] 本文 两次分析结果相对误差/%③ 两次均值与Dare等[40]相对误差/% Fe归一化 Fe作内标 Fe归一化 Fe作内标 AV 1σ AV 1σ AV 1σ AV 1σ RSD/% N=30 N=60 N=53 N=11 N=50 N=30 Mg 1.5 4.7 -7.1 -9.5 9 841 1 397 9 580 1 463 11 933 1 688 24 027 431 1.8 Al 1.6 1.0 5.6 4.7 17 508 3 003 20 116 2 432 22 043 2 322 649 33.7 5.2 Sc -6.7 -4.6 -28.0 -27.6 29 5 23.5 2.1 28 2 130 2.39 1.8 Ti -2.6 -3.1 2.4 1.6 74 064 6 734 74 459 5 765 87 557 3 358 341 734 5 804 1.7 V -3.2 -4.2 5.7 7.8 8 959 591 8 822 623 10 217 594 728 12.2 1.7 Cr -3.3 -3.3 9.7 10.3 1 349 97 1 152 103 1 429 83 65.5 1.56 2.4 Mn -4.8 -6.7 -4.4 -5.9 1 984 121 1 824 118 2 409 297 3 337 64.0 1.9 Co -0.1 -0.8 -6.9 -7.6 282 27 280 24 316 39 114 1.58 1.4 Ni -4.6 -3.6 -7.1 -8.5 607 40 565 44 641 74 82.6 2.04 2.5 Cu -63.1 -67.4 -65.9 -67.2 49 38 52 36 24 22 7.74 0.72 9.3 Zn -20.0 -20.3 -26.2 -28.7 472 104 569 134 548 81 30.2 1.58 5.2 Ga -12.7 -14.8 -1.7 -3.3 48 4 39.2 2.4 55 9 0.37 0.07 18.1 Ge -21.8 -23.2 -3.1 -3.5 0.86 0.11 - - - - 0.11 0.10 98.1 Zr -9.7 -15.0 -11.9 -20.9 13.2 2.8 26.1 4.81 22 4 172 3.36 2.0 Nb -0.6 -7.7 -33.5 -36.1 1.59 0.21 1.47 0.17 1.55 0.1 51.8 0.98 1.9 Mo -8.1 -9.7 -45.8 -48.9 0.81 0.21 - - - - 0.13 0.06 42.1 Sn -27.2 -27.8 -68.2 -68.4 4.68 4.5 2.29 0.78 1.73 0.58 0.61 0.09 15.4 Hf 3.1 2.6 -32.2 -32.8 0.90 0.19 - - - - 6.23 0.24 3.9 Ta -7.3 -8.3 -62.2 -62.3 0.16 0.06 - - - - 4.00 0.11 2.9 注：AV表示测定值的平均值(10-6)；1σ单位10-6；RSD表示测定值的相对标准偏差；N表示测试点数；“-”代表缺失值；相对误差=(测量值-推荐值或参考值)/推荐值或参考值。②是以Fe归一化结果为参考值，Fe做内标结果为测量值计算得到；③是以第二次结果为参考值，第一次结果为测量值计算得到
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