武汉市东西湖区主要湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染特征与生态风险评价

龚杰; 孙紫童; 冯璐; 胡胜华; 敖鸿毅; 吴辰熙

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0313

武汉市东西湖区主要湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染特征与生态风险评价

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0313

基金项目:

淡水生态与生物技术国家主要实验室基金 2019FBZ03

详细信息

作者简介:
龚杰(1983-), 男, 高级工程师, 主要从事水环境综合治理方面的研究工作。E-mail: gongjie1999@qq.com

中图分类号: X524
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-20

Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of main lakes in Dongxihu district, Wuhan

摘要

摘要: 人类活动对水环境影响巨大，同时水环境影响着人类的生产生活。采用地质累积指数法及潜在生态危害指数法对武汉市东西湖区主要湖泊表层沉积物重金属情况展开评价发现东西湖主要湖泊表层沉积物平均污染程度处于相对较低水平。地累积指数法评价结果表明，东大湖和金湖中Cd元素处于中度污染水平累积，墨水湖和上金湖中Cd元素为偏中度污染累积水平，其他湖泊沉积物中重金属均处于轻度或无污染水平。潜在生态危害指数法评价结果表明金湖和东大湖沉积物中重金属的潜在风险处于重度生态风险水平，墨水湖、上金湖、下银湖处于中度风险水平，其余湖泊沉积物中重金属的潜在风险均处于低风险水平。主成分分析表明，Hg、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb可能来自于工业和交通源的排放，而As可能与农药的使用有关。后期金湖、东大湖、墨水湖、上金湖和下银湖的内源污染治理过程中需考虑重金属的生态风险问题。
- 重金属 /
- 城市湖泊 /
- 生态风险 /
- 污染治理
Abstract: In this work, heavy metals in surface sediments of main lakes in Dongxihu district of Wuhan City were investigated. The results showed that the average concentrations of Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, As, Cd and Hg were 108, 103, 45.3, 39.5, 32.3, 15.1, 0.34 and 0.08 mg / kg, respectively. Among them, the pollution level of Jinhu Lake is the most serious. Compared with other lakes in China, the average pollution level of surface sediments in the main lakes of Dongxihu is relatively low. The results of geoaccumulation index method showed that Cd in Dongdahu Lake and Jinhu Lake was in moderate pollution level, while that in Ink Lake and Shangjin Lake was moderate pollution accumulation level. Heavy metals in sediments of other lakes were in light or no pollution level. The potential ecological risk index method showed that the potential risk of heavy metals in the sediments of Jinhu Lake and Dongdahu Lake was at the high ecological risk level, the Ink Lake, Shangjin Lake and Xiayin Lake were at the moderate risk level, and the potential risks of heavy metals in the sediments of other lakes were at the low risk level. Principal component analysis showed that Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, CD and Pb might come from industrial and traffic sources, while as might be related to pesticide use.The ecological risk of heavy metals should be considered in the process of endogenous pollution control of Jinhu, Dongdahu, Yinhu, Shangjin and Xiayinhu Lakes.
- heavy metals /
- urban lakes /
- ecological risk /
- pollution control

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图 1 武汉市东西湖主要湖泊位置及调查点位布置图

Figure 1. Location of main lakes in Dongxihu Lake and layout of the sampling sites

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图 2 武汉市东西湖区主要湖泊表层沉积物重金属质量分数

Figure 2. Heavy metal content in surface sediments of main lakes in Dongxihu district, Wuhan

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图 3 武汉市东西湖区主要湖泊潜在生态风险指数

Figure 3. Potential ecological risk index of major lakes in Dongxihu district, Wuhan

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表 1 地累积指数污染分级

Table 1. Pollution classification table of geological accumclation index

污染程度	无污染	轻度污染	偏中度污染	中度污染	偏重污染	重污染	严重污染
级别	0	1	2	3	4	5	6
I_geo	≤0	(0, 1]	(1, 2]	(2, 3]	(3, 4]	(4, 5]	>5

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表 2 沉积物重金属污染程度和潜在生态风险指数划分标准

Table 2. Degree of heavy metal pollution in sediments and the classification standard of potential ecological risk index

生态风险水平	E_rⁱ	总生态风险水平	RI
低	< 40	低	< 150
中	[40, 80)	中度	[150, 300)
较重	[80, 160)	重度	[300, 600)
重	[160, 320)	严重	≥600
严重	≥320

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表 3 武汉市东西湖区主要湖泊与国内其他地区湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染情况对比

Table 3. Comparison of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of main lakes in Dongxihu district, Wuhan and other lakes in China

湖泊	Hg	Pb	Cd	Cu	Zn	Cr	Ni	As	来源
湖泊	w_B/mg·kg^-1
阳澄湖	0.145	12.600	0.360	35.000	141.000	62.600	47.600	27.500	文献[20]
鄱阳湖	0.110	49.400	0.798	30.700	112.000	64.100	26.300	15.000	文献[21]
武汉东湖	0.168	39.400	0.480	51.600	149.500	105.000	44.100	15.500	文献[22]
大明湖	-	42.890	0.240	46.730	138.710	62.060	19.370	5.180	文献[23]
广州市主要湖泊	-	90.480	2.540	165.200	447.880	92.270	70.210	-	文献[24]
上海市主要湖泊	0.110	32.700	0.230	41.200	155.000	-	-	-	文献[25]
西安市主要湖泊	-	59.770	0.500	39.990	212.530	67.720	35.350	-	文献[26]
武汉东西湖主要湖泊	0.080	32.300	0.340	39.500	108.000	103.000	45.300	15.100	本研究

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表 4 武汉市东西湖区主要湖泊表层沉积物中重金属地累积指数及累积等级

Table 4. Index of geoaccumulation and accumulation grade of heavy metals in surface sediments of main lakes in Dongxihu district, Wuhan

湖泊	As		Hg		Cd		Ni		Cu		Zn		Cr		Pb
湖泊	I_geo	级别	I_geo	级别	I_geo	级别	I_geo	级别	I_geo	级别	I_geo	级别	I_geo	级别	I_geo	级别
东大湖	-0.30	0	0.55	1.00	0.40	1	0.10	1	0.85	1	0.95	1	2.55	3	0
金湖	0.10	1	0.80	1.00	0.60	1	0.30	1	1	1	0.90	1	2.80	3	0	0
银湖	-0.79	0	-0.71	0	-0.58	0	-0.55	0	-0.43	0	-0.38	0	0.37	1	-0.44	0
金银潭	-0.70	0	-1.35	0	-0.55	0	-0.55	0	-0.20	0	-0.25	0	0.15	1	-0.20	0
墨水湖	-0.90	0	0.65	1	-0.25	0	-0.25	0	0.05	1	0.20	1	1.65	2	0	0
马投潭	-0.30	0	-0.45	0	-0.45	0	-0.60	0	-0.40	0	-0.20	0	0.05	1	-0.45	0
东银湖	-0.65	0	-0.35	0	-0.45	0	-0.35	0	0.05	1	0.15	1	0.80	1	-0.40	0
上金湖	-0.20	0	0.30	1	-0.10	0	0.10	1.00	0	0	0.30	1	1.40	2	-0.20	0
下银湖	-0.25	0	-0.35	0	-0.25	0	-0.15	0	-0.10	0	0.10	1	0.90	1	-0.40	0
潇湘海	-0.50	0	-1.15	0	-0.35	0	-0.30	0	-0.30	0	-0.25	0	-0.25	0	-0.40	0
杜公湖	0.75	1	-1.25	0	-0.30	0	-0.10	0	-0.30	0	-0.15	0	-0.70	0	-0.15	0
幺教湖	0.50	1	-2.20	0	-0.60	0	-0.65	0	-0.80	0	-1.05	0	-1.65	0	0.20	1
小罗晒	-0.05	0	-2.05	0	0	0	-0.50	0	-0.55	0	-0.85	0	-1.80	0	-0.35	0
山西晒	-0.50	0	-1.80	0	-0.40	0	-0.40	0	-0.50	0	-0.60	0	-1.50	0	-0.50	0
北晒湖	-0.10	0	-1.50	0	-0.40	0	-0.35	0	-0.55	0	-0.55	0	-1.15	0	-0.25	0
龙王沟	0	0	-1.65	0	-0.30	0	-0.35	0	-0.40	0	-0.60	0	-0.55	0	-0.20	0
肖家教	0.20	1	-1.90	0	-0.50	0	-0.15	0	-0.50	0	-0.80	0	-1.05	0	-0.20	0
甘家教	0.30	1	-0.35	0	-0.25	0	-0.75	0	-0.75	0	-0.70	0	-1.50	0	-0.30	0
巨龙湖	0.05	1	-1.45	0	-0.25	0	-0.05	0	-0.20	0	-0.15	0	-0.25	0	-0.15	0
李家墩	-0.50	0	-1.65	0	-0.65	0	-0.40	0	-0.60	0	-0.80	0	-1.45	0	-0.55	0
杨泗泾	-0.50	0	-1.70	0	-0.45	0	-0.40	0	-0.40	0	-0.45	0	-0.80	0	-0.55	0
月牙湖	0.15	1	-1.10	0	-0.25	0	0	0	-0.15	0	-0.10	0	0.3	0	-0.60	0
泥达湖	-0.45	0	-2.20	0	-0.50	0	-0.20	0	-0.65	0	-0.75	0	-1.80	0	-0.50	0

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表 5 不同重金属元素的旋转成分矩阵

Table 5. Rotation matrix of different heavy metal elements

元素	主成分1	主成分2	元素	主成分1	主成分2
As	-0.031	0.986	Cu	0.965	-0.041
Hg	0.867	-0.232	Zn	0.966	-0.139
Cr	0.932	0.305	Cd	0.938	-0.150
Ni	0.798	0.006	Pb	0.855	0.199

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