Sedimentary characteristics and origin of moundes in Meishan Formation, southern Qiongdongnan Basin
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摘要: 琼东南盆地南部梅山组具有独特的丘状反射特征，关于其成因机制引起了广泛关注和讨论。以琼东南盆地大量二维地震资料和高分辨率三维地震资料解释为基础，在深水钻井标定下，从地震相特征、沉积物物源、沉积搬运通道、古地貌特征以及海平面变化和构造活动6个方面，阐明了梅山组丘状体的沉积特征，并讨论了其成因机制。研究结果表明，中中新统梅山组沉积时期，受强制性海退影响，琼东南盆地范围内海平面下降至低水位，南部隆起局部暴露剥蚀，提供了大量沉积物源；上中新统黄流组沉积时期，盆地局部构造活动使得南部隆起物源发生重力失稳，通过深水水道向盆地中央以重力流方式搬运沉积物。琼东南盆地梅山组地层的丘状反射特征是黄流组沉积时期以南部隆起沉积物为物源的浊流侵蚀下伏梅山组地层所致。对该丘状体成因机制的深入研究，不但有助于丰富对丘状地震反射现象的认识，而且揭示了其沉积构成为粗碎屑沉积物而非生物礁滩沉积，对深水油气勘探储层特征及评价具有重要意义。Abstract: While the Meishan Formation, southern Qiongdongnan Basin, has been widely discussed because of their unique mound-like reflection characteristics, there is still considerable controversy on the origin of those mounds. This study is based on a large number of 2D seismic data and high-resolution 3D seismic data in the Qiongdongnan Basin, combined with deep-water drillings, elucidates the mound-like reflection characteristics and discusses the origin of the Meishan Formation integrated among seismic facies characteristics, sediment source, transport channels, paleo-geomophic, sea level changes, and tectonic activity. The results show that during Middle Miocene, due to forced retreat, the sea level dropped to a lower level throughout the Qiongdongnan Basin, and the southern uplift was partially exposed and denudated provided a large number of sediments. During the Late Miocene, the regional tectonic activities caused the gravity instability in the southern uplift, and the sediments were transported to the basin center in terms of the turbidite channels. Subsequently, the mound-like reflection features at the top of the Meishan formation in the Qiongdongnan Basin were caused by turbidity erosion which provenance was provided by the sediments from the southern uplift. The further discussions on the origin of the mounds are not only helpful to better understand the formation of mound-like deposits, but also illustrate that the composition of those mound-like deposits is clastic sediments rather than reefs, which has great value for deep-water hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Qiongdongan Basin.
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Key words:
- Qiongdongnan Basin /
- Meishan Formation /
- submarine channels /
- southern uplift /
- mounds
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图 4 研究区梅山组丘状体地震反射特征(剖面位置见图 1)
Figure 4. Seismic reflection characteristics of mounds in Meishan Formation
图 5 梅山组沉积时期均方根振幅属性与古地貌特征
Figure 5. RMS attribute and paleogeomorphology during Middle Miocenen(the Meishan Formation) in Qiongdongnan Basin
图 6 琼东南盆地(a)和研究区(b)梅山组沉积微相特征
Figure 6. Sedimentary microfacies during Middle Miocene(the Meishan Formation) in Qiongdongnan Basin(a), and in the study area(b)
图 7 琼东南盆地南部梅山组水道地震反射特征(剖面位置见图 1)
a.水道口；b.分支水道
Figure 7. Seismic reflection characteristics of the channels in Meishan Formation in southern Qiongdongnan Basin
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