基于微观孔隙结构的低渗透砂岩储层分类评价

汪新光; 张冲; 张辉; 杨朝强; 彭小东; 赵楠; 王磊

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0429

基于微观孔隙结构的低渗透砂岩储层分类评价

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0429

基金项目:

“十三五”国家科技重大专项南海西部海域低渗油藏勘探开发关键技术研究 2016ZX05024-006

中海油重大科技攻关南海西部油田上产2000万方关键技术研究 CNOOC-KJ135ZDXM38ZJ

详细信息

作者简介:
汪新光(1981-), 男, 高级工程师, 主要从事油气田开发地质研究工作。E-mail: wangxg3@cnooc.com.cn

中图分类号: P618.13
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-30

Classification and evaluation of low-permeability sand reservoir based on micro-pore structure

摘要

摘要: 针对已有的低渗透储层分类评价方法难以满足北部湾盆地流沙港组低渗透油藏精细评价与油藏开发需求的问题，通过恒速压汞、高压压汞、核磁共振等实验手段开展低渗透储层微观孔隙结构与渗流特征分析，优选储层品质指数、孔隙结构分形维数、主流喉道半径、平均孔喉道半径、可动流体百分数、启动压力梯度变化率共6个参数，基于灰色关联权重分析法建立北部湾盆地低渗透储层综合分类评价标准，进而开展低渗透储量分类评价，为北部湾低渗透储量开发潜力和攻关方向提供依据，分析结果表明：Ⅰ类与Ⅱa类为相对优质的低渗透储量，目前已投入规模开发；Ⅱb类与Ⅲ类为较难动用储量，需采取合理的开发策略与开发模式进行试验性开发；Ⅳ类储量在现有条件下难以有效开发。
- 北部湾盆地 /
- 低渗透储层 /
- 微观孔隙结构 /
- 渗流能力评价因子 /
- 储层分类评价
Abstract: The undeveloped low-permeability oil reserves of the Liushagang Formation in the Beibu Gulf Basin are large, but the reservoir quality is poor. The existing classification standards for low-permeability reservoirs cannot meet the needs of fine reservoir evaluation and offshore development.Based on the experiments of constant rate mercury injection, high pressure mercury injection, NMR and seepage mechanism, this paper comprehensively analyzed the micro-pore structure and seepage characteristics, and optimized six kinds of reservoir evaluation parameters: reservoir quality index, fractal dimension of pore structure, mainstream throat radius, mean throat radius, percentage of movable fluid and change rate of threshold pressure gradient, meanwhile, the classification limit of various characterization parameters were determined by integrating with the reservoir quality index, reservoir seepage ability evaluation factors and specific productivity index constraint parameters. A comprehensive evaluation criterion for low-permeability oil reservoirs is established based on the Grey Relational Analysis method, which is divided into Ⅰ, Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲ and Ⅳ from good to bad.Carried out the grading evaluation of low-permeability reserves and the research results provide a theoretical basis for the analysis of the development potential, the research direction of the low-permeability reserves in Beibu Gulf Basin.The results show: types Ⅰand Ⅱa are relatively high-quality low-permeability reserves and have been put into large-scale development.Types Ⅱb and Ⅲ are extra-low-permeability reserves and are difficult to develop, which need to be formulated for experimental development by reasonable technical measures and development models.
- Beibu Gulf Basin /
- low-permeability reservoir /
- micro-pore structure /
- evaluation factor of seepage capacity /
- reservoir classification and evaluation

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图 1 北部湾盆地流三段砂岩类型三角图

Figure 1. The triangular chart of the sandstones classification in Beibu Gulf Basin

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图 2 北部湾盆地低渗储层储集空间类型

a.WA-1井，2 650.5 m, 碎屑颗粒以极粗粒占绝对优势，少部分粗粒和砾石；溶蚀强烈，孔隙发育极好，连通性好；b.WA-2井，2 779.8 m，长石基本被溶蚀，形成大量的铸模孔，并生成高岭石等黏土矿物，孔隙发育较好；c.WA-2井，2 774.64 m，长石溶蚀较强烈，部分形成铸模孔、粒内溶孔。整体孔隙较好，连通性一般；d.WA-3井，2 816 m，岩屑粒内溶孔；e.WA-3井，2 867 m，不完全溶蚀，泥质重，部分变质岩受压实作用影响呈假杂基状，孔隙发育较差，连通性差；f.WA-14井，2 900 m，较致密，长石风化较深形成少量黏土化颗粒，部分长石溶蚀形成铸模孔，连通性差；g.WA-7井，2 951 m，颗粒凹凸接触，孔隙不发育，岩石因强烈的压实作用而变得致密；h.WA-8井，2 760 m，铁方解石充填交代，泥质重，孔隙不发育；i.WA-9，井2 614 m，铁方解石胶结，整体孔隙较差，连通性差

Figure 2. Reservoir space types of low-permeability reservoir in Beibu Gulf Basin

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图 3 不同渗透率岩样喉道半径分布曲线(a)和主流喉道半径与渗透率关系(b)

Figure 3. Distribution curve of throat radius of different low-permeability cores (a), and relationship between the main flow throat radius and permeability (b)

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图 4 不同渗透率岩样孔喉道半径分布曲线(a)和不同渗透率岩样孔喉半径对渗透率的贡献(b)

Figure 4. Distribution curve of pore throat radius of different low-permeability cores (a), and relationship between permeability and pore throat radius for low-permeability (b)

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图 5 孔隙结构分形特征与渗透率贡献曲线(a)、孔隙结构分形维数与储层品质指数关系(b)

Figure 5. The fractal characteristics of pore structure and curve of permeability contribution (a), and relationship between the fractal dimension of pore structure and reservoir quality index (b)

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图 6 可动流体百分数与渗透率关系

Figure 6. Relationship between the percentage of movable fluid and permeability

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图 7 启动压力梯度与渗透率的关系

Figure 7. Relationship between permeability and threshold pressure gradient

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图 8 北部湾盆地低渗透油藏比采油指数与储层品质指数关系

Figure 8. Relationship between specific productivity index and reservoir quality index of low-permeability reservoirs in Beibu Gulf Basin

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图 9 储层渗流能力评价因子与储层品质指数关系

Figure 9. Relationship between reservoir flow ability evaluation factor and reservoir quality index

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图 10 不同类型储层的孔隙结构发育特征

Figure 10. Characteristics of pore structure development in different types of reservoirs

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图 11 北部湾盆地X油田低渗储层综合评价因子与单井初期产油量关系

Figure 11. Relationship between low-permeability reservoir comprehensive evaluation index andinitial oil production of single well in X Oilfield of Beibu Gulf Basin

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表 1 北部湾低渗透储层分类评价标准

Table 1. Classification and evaluation standards of low-permeability reservoirs in Beibu Gulf Basin

储层类型		渗透率/10^-3μm²	储层品质指数RQI	孔隙结构分形维 N1	储层可动流体品质指数 RQI*S_D/%	主流喉道半径 R_h/μm	平均孔喉道半径 R_kh/μm	可动流体饱和度 S_D/%	启动压力梯度变化率 dP/10^-3	储层渗流能力评价因子I_p/(10^-3μm²·cp^-1)	比采油指数/(m³·d^-1·MPa^-1·m^-1)
Ⅰ		50~20	>1.1	< 2.15	>60	4~6	>2	>70	>1.12	30~100	>1
Ⅱ	Ⅱa Ⅱb	20~10 10~5	0.9~1.1 0.6 ~0.9	2.15~2.23	50~60 20~50	3~4 2~3	>2	65~70 55~65	-3.00~1.12 -19.38~3.00	20~30 3~20	0.5~1 0.2 ~0.5
Ⅲ		5~1	0.3~0.6	2.23~2.29	4~20	1~2	1~2	25~55	-114.00~-19.38	0.3~3	0.02~0.2
Ⅳ		< 1	< 0.3	>2.29	< 4	< 1	< 1	< 25	< -114	< 0.3	< 0.02

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表 2 低渗透储层分类评价参数的权重值

Table 2. Weights of classification parameters for low-permeability reservoirs

评价参数	储层渗流能力评价因子(I_p)	主流喉道半径 (R_h)	启动压力梯度变化率 (dP)	储层可动流体品质指数(SR)	孔隙结构分形维数(N1)
权重系数	0.272	0.170	0.209	0.210	0.139

下载: 导出CSV

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