广西大化县透闪石玉的产地特征

尹作为; 王文薇; 周青超

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0612

广西大化县透闪石玉的产地特征

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0612

尹作为^{1, 2,},
王文薇²,
周青超^2, ,

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41372224

湖北省珠宝工程技术研究中心科研项目 CIGTXM-03-202001

云南省高校宝石及材料工艺工程研究中心 ZX202002001

详细信息

作者简介:
尹作为(1970-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事宝石学研究和教学工作。E-mail: yinzuowei1025@163.com

通讯作者:
周青超(1992-), 男, 主要从事宝石学研究和教育工作。E-mail: zhouqc229@163.com

中图分类号: P57
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-16

Location characteristics of tremolite jade from Dahua, Guangxi

Yin Zuowei^{1, 2
,},
Wang Wenwei²,
Zhou Qingchao^{2
, ,}

摘要

摘要: 广西河池市大化瑶族自治县发现了透闪石玉矿床，研究程度较低，但是该产区玉石在市场上却占有不小份额，对该区透闪石玉的宝石学特征及其产地属性进行系统研究具有重要意义。通过常规测试、拉曼光谱（RAMAN）、X射线粉晶衍射（XRD）、电感耦合等离子质谱（ICP-MS）、激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）等测试，研究该区透闪石玉的包体特征、谱学特征、结构特征和成分特征，来解读本地区透闪石玉的产地属性。研究结果显示：大化透闪石玉的主要矿物成分SiO₂、MgO和CaO较为稳定，次要矿物成分MnO，FeO，TiO₂的变异系数相对较大，样品的微量元素B，Cr，Zn，Sr含量较高，V，Co，Ni的含量相对较低，Fe²⁺/（Mg²⁺+Fe²⁺）平均值为0.03，显示主要矿物为透闪石，说明本区透闪石玉为镁质大理岩受到接触交代变质作用而形成，低铁，高钙为特征；从样品所含有的稀土元素来看，该矿区的透闪石玉稀土元素总量∑REE偏低，轻重稀土元素分异不明显，属于轻稀土元素富集型，稀土配分模式属于右倾型，比较平坦，Eu负异常，有明显的Ce负异常；透闪石玉结晶度平均值为0.963，大于新疆透闪石玉的结晶度平均值0.843，与青海的0.96相近，这反映出大化透闪石玉的结晶程度较高，晶体颗粒相对较大，结晶环境良好；透闪石玉中铍/硅LIBS强度比（I_Be/I_Si）为：中国广西大化透闪石玉为0，中国新疆透闪石玉0.003~0.008，中国青海透闪石玉为0，中国辽宁透闪石玉为0.004~0.006，韩国透闪石玉为0.1~0.16，俄罗斯透闪石玉为0.03~0.05。研究结果与其他产地的比对可为溯源提供参考。
- 透闪石玉 /
- 宝石学特征 /
- 产地特征 /
- 广西大化县
Abstract: The tremolite jade found in Dahua County, Guangxi Province, is a new type of tremolite jade that has only appeared in the past two years with a low degree of research. But the jade in this production area occupies a large share in the market. It is of great significance to systematically study the gemological characteristics and origin attributes of tremolite jade in this area. Through routine tests, Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and other tests, the inclusion characteristics, spectral characteristics, structural characteristics and composition characteristics of tremolite jade in this area are studied to interpret the origin attribute of tremolite jade in this area. The results show that the main mineral components of Dahua tremolite jade are relatively stable, such as SiO₂, MgO and CaO, While the coefficient of variation of minor mineral components MnO, FeO and TiO₂ is relatively large. The contents of trace elements B, Cr, Zn and Sr are relatively high, the contents of V, Co and Ni are relatively low, and the content of Mg²⁺/(Mg²⁺+Fe²⁺) is 0.03, indicating that the main mineral is tremolite and the tremolite jade in this area is formed by contact metasomatic metamorphism, characterized by low iron and high calcium; From the rare earth elements contained in the sample, the total amount of rare earth elements ΣREE of tremolite jade in the mining area is low, the differentiation of light and heavy rare earth elements is not obvious, belonging to the enrichment type of light rare earth elements, the rare earth distribution mode belongs to the right dip type, relatively flat, Eu negative anomaly and obvious Ce negative anomaly; The average crystallinity of tremolite jade in this area is 0.963, which is greater than that of Xinjiang tremolite jade by 0.843, which is close to that of Qinghai(0.96), which reflects that Dahua tremolite jade has high crystallinity, relatively large crystal particles and good crystallization environment; The ratio of beryllium/silicon intensity(I_Be/I_Si) by LIBS of tremolite jade in this area is: 0 for tremolite jade in Dahua, Guangxi, China, 0.003-0.008 for tremolite jade in Xinjiang, China, 0 for tremolite jade in Qinghai, China, 0.004-0.006 for tremolite jade in Liaoning, China, 0.1-0.16 for tremolite jade in Korea and 0.03-0.05 for tremolite jade in Russia. The comparison between the above information and other places of origin provides a reference for traceability.
- tremolite jade /
- gemological characteristics /
- regional significance /
- Dahua County, Guangxi

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图 1 广西大化透闪石玉矿体赋存状态示意图

1.辉绿岩；2.灰岩；3.大理岩；4.透闪石含矿体；5.矿化体界线；6.含矿热液通道

Figure 1. Occurrence state of tremolite jade ore body from Dahua, Guangxi

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图 2 广西大化透闪石玉拉曼光谱图

Figure 2. Raman spectrum of tremolite Jade from Dahua, Guangxi

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图 3 广西大化透闪石玉样品LIBS测试图谱

Figure 3. LIBS test spectrum of tremolite jade samples from Dahua, Guangxi

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图 4 广西大化透闪石w(CaO+Na₂O+K₂O)与w(FeO)成分投影图(根据文献[22])

Figure 4. Plot of w(CaO+Na₂O+K₂O) and FeO of tremolite jade from Dahua, Guangxi

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图 5 广西大化与不同产地的透闪石玉样品稀土元素配分比较图(底图据文献[23])

Figure 5. Distribution of rare earth elements in tremolite jade samples from different regions

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图 6 部分样品X射线粉晶衍射特征谱线图(Dh-7号样品，图中数值代表晶面间距)

Figure 6. X-ray powder diffraction characteristic spectra of some samples (Dh-7 sample)

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表 1 广西大化透闪石玉样品特征(红圈为成分测试点)

Table 1. Characteristics of nephrite samples from Dahua, Guangxi

样品照片	标本号及样品外观特征描述
	整体呈白色带有青色调；明显可见白色条带分布其中；不透明较干；呈蜡状光泽；整体质地比较细腻
	为抛光的手镯断面，整体呈弱油脂光泽，黄褐色花斑分布其中，从断口处可见花斑分布于内部或延伸至表面
	整体乳白色，部分地方有青色调；不透明，较干；呈蜡状光泽和弱油脂光泽；大量深褐黄色的花斑分布其中
	整体呈暗灰色，大量深绿色花斑分布；可见灰白色条带穿插其中；质地比较细腻；弱油脂光泽
	颜色与4号样品接近，呈暗灰色；大量灰白色不透明条带穿插其中；玉质部分质地比较细腻
	整体呈青色，质地细腻，弱油脂光泽，带有绿色花斑，微透明，侧面有白色条带
	整体呈青色，颜色从边缘向内部由白色向青色过渡；颗粒由边缘向内部逐渐变细；在靠近边缘地方有不透明白色条带穿插其中；有部分褐黄色的花斑分布其中；整体呈蜡状光泽-弱油脂光泽

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表 2 广西大化透闪石玉的ICP-MS测试结果

Table 2. Testing results of tremolite jade from Dahua, Guang xi by ICP-MS

标本号	微量元素w_B/%										Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺
标本号	CaO	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	FeO	MnO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	P₂O₅	TiO₂	Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺
Dh-1	14.2	25.7	0.06	0.06	0.28	0.13	58.7	0.76	0.01	0.005	0.55
Dh-2	13.6	26.6	0.26	0.14	0.02	0.01	59.1	0.20	0.02	0.001	0.51
Dh-3	13.9	25.5	0.23	0.14	0.06	0.04	59.7	0.25	0.03	0.004	0.55
Dh-4	13.3	26.5	0.05	0.05	0.67	0.06	58.6	0.57	0.02	0.004	0.50
Dh-5	13.5	26.0	0.09	0.08	1.01	0.03	58.7	0.42	0.02	0.011	0.52
Dh-6	13.6	23.9	0.12	0.12	3.22	0.15	58.1	0.59	0.02	0.004	0.57
Dh-7	14.2	25.8	0.09	0.07	0.41	0.04	58.6	0.60	0.02	0.012	0.55

标本号	微量元素w_B/%
标本号	Cr₂O₃		MnO	FeO	CoO		NiO	Na₂O	Al₂O₃		P₂O₅
Dh-1	-		1 283	279	0.22		0.25	568	7 580		22
Dh-2	7.14		108	24	0.12		0.33	2 565	2 022		228
Dh-3	86.75		284	49	0.46		8.29	2 047	2470		238
Dh-4	2.04		631	674	1.01		0.30	466	5 659		178
Dh-5	3.00		323	1 012	5.05		4.88	875	4 148		235
Dh-6	29.44		1 540	3 216	5.22		3.80	1 218	5 937		231
Dh-7	3.30		381	411	0.57		0.73	942	6 021		226
Dh-9	32.89		74.5	67	0.38		3.01	5518	1750		219

标本号	微量元素w_B/%									Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg²⁺)
标本号	S	K₂O	TiO₂	V₂O₅	ZnO	SrO	Y₂O₃	ZrO₂		Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg²⁺)
Dh-1	303	590	47	12.6	52.10	24.8	0.69	0.34		0.011
Dh-2	241	1 350	8	0.68	14.42	18.1	5.26	0.33		0.001
Dh-3	411	1 087	4	3.54	19.43	23.8	4.93	3.66		0.002
Dh-4	434	549	36	10.8	57.40	24.2	4.4	0.64		0.025
Dh-5	388	784	113	6.9	19.58	20.3	7.3	1.13		0.037
Dh-6	418	1 189	45	13.3	40.28	74.3	7.2	1.01		0.119
Dh-7	333	656	123	15.3	83.70	7.9	0.5	8.00		0.016

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表 3 广西大化透闪石玉样品中的元素变异系数值

Table 3. Values of coefficient of variation for elements in tremolite jades from Dahua, Guangxi

种类	Na₂O	MgO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	K₂O	CaO	TiO₂	MnO	FeO
平均值	0.19	24.14	0.21	59.89	0.10	15	0.004	0.061	0.096
变异系数	0.27	0.06	0.12	0.04	0.33	0.22	0.41	0.57	0.37

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表 4 广西大化透闪石玉的稀土元素质量分数

Table 4. Trace element values of tremolite jade from Dahua, Guangxi

标本号	稀土元素(相对于Si)/(μg·g^-1)
标本号	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
Dh-1	0.62	1.2	0.16	0.57	0.04	0.01	0.16	0.02	0.13	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.00
Dh-2	3.52	1.18	0.53	2.49	0.43	0.13	0.51	0.07	0.43	0.11	0.25	0.02	0.15	0.03
Dh-3	3.70	1.19	0.54	2.27	0.57	0.11	0.34	0.08	0.53	0.08	0.30	0.03	0.27	0.04
Dh-4	0.48	0.86	0.12	0.47	0.11	0.09	0.17	0.04	0.35	0.12	0.33	0.05	0.33	0.05
Dh-5	0.86	0.43	0.18	1.33	0.34	0.06	0.58	0.12	0.48	0.15	0.32	0.04	0.20	0.00
Dh-6	0.38	0.21	0.08	0.39	0.20	0.01	0.24	0.06	0.41	0.13	0.46	0.05	0.23	0.03
Dh-7	0.28	0.40	0.05	0.13	0.12	0.02	0.11	0.00	0.06	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.06	0.00

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表 5 不同产地透闪石玉稀土元素特征值规律

Table 5. Characteristics of rare earth elements in tremolite jade from different regions

产地	特点
和田	稀土元素总量∑REE普遍较低，轻重稀土元素分异不明显。Eu负异常，没有明显的Ce异常
岫岩	稀土元素总量∑REE相对较高，明显高于其他产地。轻稀土、重稀土元素分异明显，大多呈现轻稀土元素富集现象。Eu异常情况有正有负，Ce无明显异常
溧阳	稀土元素总量∑REE普遍较低，轻稀土元素呈现轻微富集。Eu负异常，轻微的Ce负异常
格尔木	稀土元素总量∑REE非常低，轻重稀土元素分析不明显。Eu负异常，Ce无明显异常
汶川	稀土元素总量∑REE普遍偏低，轻重稀土元素分异不明显，明显的Eu负异常，强烈Ce负异常
罗甸	稀土元素总量∑REE相对较高，轻重稀土元素分异明显。Eu元素轻微亏损，Ce元素明显亏损，且Ce负异常程度明显。该特征可能与贵州罗甸地区幔源岩浆中的地幔橄榄岩部分熔融程度有关。因为橄榄岩低程度部分熔融会形成富稀土元素的岩浆。地幔部分熔融岩浆也会有轻稀土附近重稀土元素亏损的现象
大化	稀土元素总量∑REE很低，轻重稀土元素分异不明显，Eu呈现负异常，Ce和Yb明显的负异常

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