Three-dimensional comprehensive model and deep prediction of the Jinqingding gold deposit, Muping-Rushan metallogenic belt, Shandong, China
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摘要: 探讨山东牟平-乳山成矿带金青顶金矿区成矿元素地球化学场三维分布特征，总结成矿规律，建立三维综合找矿模型，为金矿深部成矿预测提供更为丰富的信息，指导矿山生产与发展方向。针对金青顶矿区深部找矿问题，在全面收集已有地质、矿产资料的基础上，结合野外实地调查，应用三维建模与可视化技术、构造叠加晕及地质统计学理论与方法，构建矿床地质、地球化学场等方面的三维综合找矿模型，将金青顶矿床的预测评价研究拓展到三维空间，揭示了区内成矿地质特征和地球化学异常表征，据此探讨了矿体及地球化学场的三维空间分布规律。并在此基础上，开展了矿区的地质-地球化学综合信息分析与深部预测评价，减少了深部预测的不确定性。矿体三维模型显示，矿体呈现中间宽两端窄的形态，有向深部尖灭的趋势。三维地球化学场分布特征显示，Au、As、Sb、Hg、Cu、W、Sn、Co、Ni元素及组合因子主要分布于矿体浅部，向深部呈现元素场强度下降的趋势；Mo、Bi元素主要分布于矿体深部；Ag、Pb、Zn元素分布较分散，存在多个矿化中心。地质-地球化学三维模型显示，组合因子高得分区域与组合矿物富集区域相符合，Au成矿作用主要发生于矿体浅部，深部成矿作用减弱。应用格里戈良分带指数法求取Ⅱ号金矿体的原生晕垂向分带序列为Sb-Cu-Ni-Au-Sn-W-Hg-As-Co-Ag-Zn-Pb-Mo-Bi，该序列与单一期次成矿垂向分带序列进行对比无明显反常现象，指示Ⅱ号矿体当前开采深度以下成矿潜力不高。研究结果显示，在综合找矿模型指导下，基于三维地球化学空间场晕模型的三维地质、地球化学异常信息的展示、提取与综合分析，可以有效地评价深部成矿潜力，为深部成矿预测研究提供了新思路，有利于指导矿山工作的部署。综合分析认为金青顶Ⅱ号主矿体在-1 200 m以下找矿潜力一般，不宜继续进行大规模的深部探矿。Abstract: The study of the three-dimensional(3D) distribution characteristics of ore-forming element geochemical field in Jinqingding gold deposit, Mouping-Rushan metallogenic belt, Shandong Province, summarizes the metallogenic law and establishes a 3D comprehensive prospecting model. It provides richer information for deep prediction and guides the direction of mine production and development. In this study, 3D modelling of the deposit and its geochemical field was carried out. Guided by the prospecting model of this deposit, the 3D geological bodies and 3D geochemical model of ore bodies were built up in this study based on comprehensive analysis upon the geological and geochemical data in this deposit, by using 3D modelling visualization technology and geostatistics. These models reveal the ore bodies features and geochemical characterization of this deposit. In order to reduce the uncertainty of the deep prospecting information, the 3D modelling of the Jinqingding gold deposit was carried out by the comprehensive information analysis and prediction of geology and geochemistry in the study area. The 3D model of the ore body shows that the ore body is wide in the middle and narrow at ends, and tends to narrow and disappear to the deep. The distribution characteristics of the geochemical field show that the elements and combination factors of Au, As, Sb, Hg, Cu, W, Sn, Co, Ni are distributed in the shallow part of the ore bodies, showing a decreasing trend of element-field strength to the deep. The characteristics of Mo and Bi are distributed deep in the ore bodies. The characteristics of Ag, Pb, and Zn are more scattered and there are multiple metallogenic centers. The 3D model of the combination geochemical field shows that the metallogenesis of gold occurred in the shallow area of the ore bodies, while it weakened in the deep. The results show that guided by the comprehensive prospecting model, the display, extraction and comprehensive analysis of 3D geological and geochemical anomaly information based on the 3D geochemical field model effectively evaluate the potential of deep prospecting and provide the evidences for deep prospecting prediction. The comprehensive analysis results show that the prospecting potential of the No.2 orebody of the Jinqingding gold deposit below -1 200 m is low-expected, and it is inappropriate to continue deep exploration massively.
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图 1 山东牟乳地区区域地质略图(底图据文献[10]修改)
Figure 1. Regional geological sketch of the Muping-Rushan area, Shandong
图 2 山东省乳山市金青顶金矿区地形地质略图
Figure 2. Geological sketch of the Jinqingding gold deposit in the Rushan, Shandong
图 4 金青顶金矿床构造叠加晕数据点分布图
Figure 4. 3D distribution of structural superimposed halo data of the Jinqingding deposit
图 8 金青顶金矿Au、As、Sb、Hg三维地球化学场模型
Figure 8. 3D geochemistry field model of Au, As, Sb and Hg of the Jinqingding gold deposit
图 9 金青顶金矿Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn三维地球化学场模型
Figure 9. 3D geochemistry field model of Ag, Cu, Pb and Zn of the Jinqingding gold deposit
图 10 金青顶金矿W、Sn、Mo、Bi、Co、Ni三维地球化学场模型
Figure 10. 3D geochemistry field model of W, Sn, Mo, Bi, Co and Ni of the Jinqingding gold deposit
图 11 金青顶金矿成矿元素相关性系数矩阵
Figure 11. Correlation coefficient matrix of ore-forming elements of the Jinqingding gold deposit
图 12 金青顶金矿成矿元素R型聚类分析谱系图
Figure 12. R-type cluster analysis pedigree of ore-forming elements of the Jinqingding gold deposit
图 13 金青顶金矿三维地球化学场因子计量模型
Figure 13. 3D geochemistry field model of factor measurement of the Jinqingding gold deposit
图 14 金青顶金矿构造叠加晕模式图(底图据文献[9]修改)
Figure 14. Structural superimposed halo model of the Jinqingding gold deposit
图 15 金青顶金矿三维地质-地球化学模型
Figure 15. 3D geology-geochemistry model of the Jinqingding gold deposit
图 16 金青顶金矿-945 m中段现象
Figure 16. -945 m underground phenomenon of the Jinqingding gold deposit
表 1 数据类型及数量
Table 1. Data type and quantity
数据类型 数量 区域地质图 7张 地形地质图 12张 垂直纵投影图 40张 中段地质图 40张 勘探线剖面图 89张 采样点化验数据 1 027组 数据库 3个 
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表 2 金青顶金矿构造叠加晕元素分带参数
Table 2. Parameters of structure superimposed halo elements of the Jinqingding gold deposit
元素 Au As Sb Ag Cu Pb Zn Bi Mo Co Ni W Sn Hg wB/10-6 wB/10-9 外带 0.5 10 0.8 5 20 30 80 0.8 6 20 10 10 5 20 中带 5 20 1.5 10 80 120 200 3 15 40 20 20 10 40 内带 10 80 3 20 480 480 800 12 25 60 40 40 20 80 高浓带 20 320 6 40 960 960 1 600 36 100 120 80 80 40 160
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表 3 因子分析总方差特征表
Table 3. Total variance feature of factor analysis
成分 初始特征值 提取平方和载入 旋转平方和载入 合计 方差/% 累积/% 合计 方差/% 累积/% 合计 方差/% 累积/% F1 5.189 37.067 37.067 5.189 37.067 37.067 4.686 33.469 33.469 F2 2.052 14.656 51.724 2.052 14.656 51.724 2.096 14.971 48.440 F3 1.600 11.430 63.153 1.600 11.430 63.153 2.060 14.714 63.153
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表 4 旋转后因子载荷矩阵
Table 4. Rotated factor load matrix
元素 成分 F1 F2 F3 Au 0.866 0.056 0.121 As 0.827 0.115 0.111 Sb 0.289 -0.049 0.672 Hg 0.647 -0.128 0.519 Ag 0.839 0.319 -0.093 Cu 0.486 0.085 0.489 Pb 0.140 0.880 -0.019 Zn 0.210 0.694 0.103 Bi 0.674 0.200 -0.336 Mo 0.090 0.709 -0.029 Co 0.902 0.121 0.081 Ni 0.649 0.190 0.088 W -0.220 -0.117 0.748 Sn -0.018 0.301 0.605
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