Current situation and prospect of structure-attribute integrated 3D geological modeling technology for geological big data
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摘要: 开展三维地质建模的目标，不应当只是实现地质体框架的可视化表达，而应当同时实现地质大数据的聚合、管理、挖掘、分析和共享。然而，传统的方法和技术难以实现顾及地质语义的结构-属性一体化三维地质建模与耦合表达。多点地质统计学方法虽然便于多源数据、地质先验知识、结构-属性的融合建模，却仍然受到数据结构表达能力不足、三维训练图像难以获取和非平稳现象的限制。面向地质大数据集成与管理的要求，详细讨论了三维地质建模中的空间数据模型、基于多点地质统计学的结构-属性一体化集成建模方法、以及基于三维地质模型的地质大数据集成与管理的框架与模式。发展新型的面向地质结构-属性耦合表达的统一空间数据模型，以及知识驱动与数据驱动协同的三维地质结构-属性一体化集成建模技术体系，着力构建出地质大数据的聚合、集成、管理、挖掘和分析的可视化环境与操作平台，是未来三维地质建模领域的研究热点和前沿方向。Abstract: The goal of three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling not only realizes the visual expression of geological objects, but also achieves the aggregation, management, mining, analysis and sharing of geological big data. However, traditional methods and techniques are difficult to achieve structural-attribute integrated 3D geological modeling and coupled expression that considers geological semantics. Although multiple-point geostatistical methods facilitate the fusion modeling of multiple-source data, geological prior knowledge, and structure-attribute, they are still limited by the insufficient expression ability of data models, the difficulty in obtaining the 3D training images, and the non-stationary phenomenon. For geological big data, this papaper discusses throughly the spatial data model, the multiple-point geostatistics-based structure-attribute integrated modeling method, and the framework of integration and management for geological big data with a unified 3D geological model. We believe that ① developing new unified spatial data models for geological structure-attribute coupling expression, ② exploring knowledge-driven and data-driven collaborative 3D geological structure-attribute integrated modeling technologies, ③ constructing a visual environment and operation platform for the aggregation, integration, management, mining and analysis of geological big data, will be the research hotspots and the frontier directions in the field of 3D geological modeling in the future.
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图 1 基于结构-属性一体化数据模型的三维精细体元模型构建流程
Figure 1. Construction process of 3D fine voxel model based on structure-attribute integrated data model
图 2 基于多点地质统计学的多尺度三维地质模型自动构建流程
Figure 2. Automatic modeling process of multiple-scale 3D geological models based on multiple-point geostatistics
图 4 基于三维地质模型的地质大数据集成与管理模式
Figure 4. Geological big data integration and management framework based on 3D geological models
表 1 三维地质建模中数据模型类别[22]
Table 1. Data models in 3D geological modeling
基于面元的实体模型 基于体元的实体模型 混合实体模型 规则体元 不规则体元 不规则三角网(TIN) 构造实体几何(CSG) 四面体格网(TEN) TIN-CSG混合 格网(grid) 体素(voxel) 金字塔(pyramid) TIN-octree混合 边界表示模型(B-Rep) 针体(needle) 三棱柱(TP) octree-TEN混合 线框模型(wire-frame) 八叉树(octree) 地质细胞 wire frame-block混合 断面(section) 规则块体(regular block) 不规则块体 B-rep-voxel混合 断面-三角网 实体(solid) 多层DEM 广义三棱柱(GTP) 角点网格(CPG) 
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