Hydrocarbon generation characteristics and signification of source rock in different oil-rich depressions in the eastern part of the Bohai Sea
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摘要: 渤海海域东部发育多个富油凹陷,具有较大的生烃潜力,由于各凹陷形成和发育过程不同,导致不同凹陷、不同层段烃源岩热演化和生、排烃特征具有明显差异。通过对渤海海域东部3个富油凹陷多套烃源岩进行埋藏史、热史和生、排烃史研究,厘定了渤中凹陷、渤东凹陷和庙西凹陷烃源岩生、排烃时间以及演化特征。结果表明:①渤海海域东部地区不同构造单元烃源岩热演化程度具有"西高东低"的趋势,渤中凹陷最早生烃时间为31.5 Ma,渤东凹陷和庙西凹陷最早生烃时间分别为28.2,11.2 Ma,渤中凹陷最早排烃时间为27.8 Ma,而渤东凹陷和庙西凹陷最早排烃时间分别为20.9,6.7 Ma;②渤中凹陷烃源岩热演化程度较高,现今主要为储层提供天然气,为环渤中凹陷地区形成天然气藏和凝析气藏提供了气源;渤东凹陷、庙西凹陷热演化程度依次降低,为储层提供大量油源,盆地边缘地区主要以油藏为主。Abstract: There are numerous oil-rich depressions in the eastern part of the Bohai Sea, which have a large hydrocarbon generation potential.Due to differences in the formation and development of these depressions, the thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of the source rocks in different depressions and intervals are quite different.By studying the burial history, thermal history, and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history of multiple sets of source rocks in three oil-rich depressions in eastern Bohai Sea, this paper determines the source rock generation, hydrocarbon expulsion timing and evolution characteristics of the Bozhong Depression, Bodong Depression and Miaoxi Depression.The results indicate that: ① The thermal evolution of source rocks in individual tectonic units in the eastern Bohai Sea has a general end of "high in the west and low in the east".The earliest hydrocarbon generation time in the Bozhong Depression is 34.4 Ma, while that for the Bodong and Miaoxi depressions are 30.8 Ma and 14.2 Ma, respectively.The earliest hydrocarbon expulsion time of the Bozhong Depression is 27.8 Ma, while that for the Bodong and Miaoxi depressions are 20.9 Ma and 6.7 Ma, respectively; ② The source rock in the Bozhong Depression has a relatively high degree of thermal evolution, and now it mainly provides natural gas to the reservoirs, which provides a gas source for the formation of natural gas reservoirs and condensate gas reservoirs in the Bozhong area.The degree of thermal evolution in the Bodong Depression and Miaoxi Depression gradually decreases, which provides a large amount of oil source for the reservoirs.The marginal areas of the basin are mainly oil reservoirs.
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图 1 渤海海域东部地质综合图(据文献[15]修改)
A.研究区平面分布图;B.岩性综合柱状图;C.地震剖面图
Figure 1. Comprehensive geological map of the eastern part of the Bohai Sea
表 1 一维地质模型建立的主要输入参数(据文献[24-32]数据整理)
Table 1. Main input parameters for the establishment of one-dimensional geological model
层位 沉积时间 主要岩性 BZ-P1 BD-P1 PL14-3-1 开始/Ma 结束/Ma 顶深/m 底深/m 剥蚀/m w(TOC)/% HI/(mg·g-1) 顶深/m 底深/m 剥蚀/m w(TOC)/% HI/(mg·g-1) 顶深/m 底深/m 剥蚀/m w(TOC)/% HI/(mg·g-1) 第四系 Qp 2.0 0 灰黄色泥岩与灰绿色粉细砂岩互层 0 640 0 528 0 441 新近系 N2m 12.0 2.0 棕红色泥岩与砂岩互层 640 3 316 528 2 850 441 1 730 N1g 23.0 12.0 灰绿色泥岩、砂砾岩 3 316 4 412 2 850 3 356 1 730 2 475 古近系 E3d1 27.4 23.0 砂岩与泥岩互层 4 412 4 986 100 3 356 3 824 50 600 E3d2 30.3 27.4 深灰色泥页岩 4 986 5 607 1.06 350 3 824 4 360 0.66 320 2 475 3 187 1.30 340 E3d3 32.8 30.3 深灰色泥页岩 5 607 6 334 1.69 450 4 360 5 309 1.99 434 3 187 3 729 2.01 400 E2s1-2 39.5 32.8 泥页岩与白云岩薄互层 6 334 7 632 100 2.83 400 5 309 6 058 150 1.95 550 3 729 4 002 50 2.13 350 E2s3 42.0 39.5 深灰色泥岩 7 632 9 527 150 2.65 550 6 058 7 012 200 2.92 563 4 002 4 412 375 3.00 550 E2s4+ E1-2k 65.0 42.0 紫红色泥岩夹砂岩 9 527 11 107 7 012 7 866 4 412 4 634 表 2 研究区烃源岩地球化学数据(据文献[25, 27, 34-41]数据整理)
Table 2. Geochemical data of source rocks in the study area
凹陷名称 层位 w(TOC)/% (S1+S2)/(mg·g-1) HI/(mg·g-1) 有机质类型 Tmax/℃ 渤中凹陷 E2s3 0.21~1.96 2.02~7.27 50~550 Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2 422~442 E2s1-2 0.42~2.57 6.85~14.92 260~580 Ⅱ1 425~443 E3d3 1.26~3.28 8.01~12.45 220~600 Ⅱ1 425~445 E3d2 1.43~5.14 8.22~24.63 160~700 Ⅱ1 524~440 庙西凹陷 E2s3 0.82~0.97 1.68~2.05 210~412 Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2 / E2s1-2 1.82~2.25 2.36~12.02 226~508 Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2 430~445 E3d3 0.76~3.11 2.64~21.35 220~680 Ⅰ、Ⅱ1 436~445 E3d2 1.99~4.04 9.81~26.34 477~637 Ⅰ、Ⅱ1 431~436 渤东凹陷 E2s3 1.32 / 412 Ⅱ2 / E2s1-2 2.01 11.85 470 Ⅱ1 435~445 E3d3 1.93 10.61 311 Ⅱ1 440 E3d2 2.96 / 556 Ⅱ1 / 表 3 渤海湾盆地不同时期沉积水界面温度和平均大地热流值[43-44]
Table 3. Sedimentary water interface temperature and average terrestrial heat flow in different periods of the Bohai Bay Basin
时间/Ma 65 42 38 32 23.3 5.3 0 SWIT/℃ 23.66 23.22 23.10 22.13 21.02 17.01 16.90 HF/(mW·m-2) 69.01 83.56 82.95 78.52 71.62 63.92 62.93 表 4 渤中凹陷、渤东凹陷和庙西凹陷不同剥蚀厚度下的烃源岩成熟度相对误差
Table 4. Relative error of maturity of source rocks under different denudation thicknesses in Bozhong, Bodong and Miaoxi depressions
剥蚀厚度/m 0 150 初始值 450 600 烃源岩成熟度相对误差/% 渤中凹陷 E2s3 0.49 0 0 0 0.24 E2s1-2 0 0 0 -0.34 0.34 E3d3 -0.52 0 0 -0.52 -0.52 E3d2 0.71 1.42 0 -0.71 1.42 渤东凹陷 E2s3 -0.39 0 0 0.39 0 E2s1-2 0.56 0.56 0 1.12 0 E3d3 0 0 0 0 0 E3d2 -1.01 -1.01 0 -2.02 0 庙西凹陷 E2s3 -1.21 -0.61 0 0 0 E2s1-2 -0.74 0 0 0.74 0 E3d3 0 -0.93 0 0 0.93 E3d2 -1.30 0 0 1.30 0 表 5 渤中凹陷、渤东凹陷和庙西凹陷不同热流值下的烃源岩成熟度相对误差
Table 5. Relative error of maturity of source rocks under different heat flow values in Bozhong, Bodong and Miaoxi depressions
热流值改变量/(mW·m-2) -10 -5 初始值 +5 +10 烃源岩成熟度相对误差/% 渤中凹陷 E2s3 -19.90 -8.74 0 5.58 9.71 E2s1-2 -31.96 -19.26 0 15.12 29.21 E3d3 -32.64 -22.15 0 19.17 40.93 E3d2 -29.79 -14.89 0 19.15 42.55 渤东凹陷 E2s3 -36.72 -24.88 0 19.14 37.11 E2s1-2 -34.83 -22.76 0 21.35 45.51 E3d3 -32.59 -18.52 0 20.00 45.19 E3d2 -25.25 -16.47 0 16.16 36.36 庙西凹陷 E2s3 -28.49 -18.71 0 17.58 36.35 E2s1-2 -26.67 -14.07 0 17.04 36.30 E3d3 -23.36 -15.05 0 14.02 32.71 E3d2 -16.88 -10.00 0 10.39 23.38 -
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