| Citation: | DAI Chao，KANG Xun，TAN Jingqiang，et al. Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of the shallow-water fan delta: A case study of the Baikouquan Formation in the Madong slope area, Junggar Basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（2）：1-20 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230518
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Conglomerates are unique petroleum reservoirs, and understanding their sedimentary origin and evolution is crucial for accurately predicting the distribution of high-quality reservoirs.
Based on core logging, petrologic identification, heavy mineral and grain size analysis, and well logging data, the sedimentary characteristics, spatial distribution, and sedimentary provenance of the Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation conglomerate in the Madong slope area are defined. Meanwhile, the sedimentary mechanism of the formation is clarified, and a sedimentary model is established.
The Baikouquan Formation was deposited as a shallow-water fan delta, and the fan body consists of three subfacies: the fan delta plain, fan delta front, and pro-fan delta, and can be divided into nine microfacies: debris flow, braided channel, flood deposit, subaqueous debris flow, subaqueous main channel, subaqueous branch channel, sandy clastic flow, far sand bar, and pro-fan delta mudstone deposits. Summarily, it contains 10 lithofacies types. The conglomerate was a sedimentary product of flood-induced gravity flow, reflecting complex lithofacies associations, significant evidence of event deposition, a sedimentary model dominated by paleoclimate, and a clear transformation of lake waves. Spatially, the grain size of the Baikouquan Formation conglomerate in the Madong slope region becomes finer from bottom to top, indicating a sedimentary sequence of lake transgression and a multi-period superposition of debris flows, underwater debris flows, and subaqueous channel deposits.
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