| Citation: | WANG Linkang，ZHENG Zihan，ZHANG Guangcheng，et al. Test study on the toppling mode of steep bedding rock slope[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（2）：1-15 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230550
|
There are a large number of steep bedding rock slopes along the left bank of Dahuaqiao Hydropower Station in the middle and upper reaches of Lancang River. The unique engineering geological conditions in the reservoir area provide a good breeding environment for deformation. The landslide deposits formed by the collapse of the toppling deformed body are widely distributed in the reservoir area, which causes great difficulties for the operation and maintenance of the hydropower project.
In this paper, in order to study the evolution process, toppling mode, toppling deformation and failure mechanism of steep bedding rock slope,
we used the slightly weathered slate on the left bank of the reservoir as a reference prototype for the similar material material, then we choose to use the bottom friction test method to analyze the deformation and failure characteristics of slope under different condition of slope angles, plane inclination angles and structural plane occurrences.
The results show that: ①The main toppling failure mode of the steep bedding rock slope is the tensile-toppling type. In the early stage of evolution, the rock mass at the foot of the slope is the first to topple due to stress concentration, and gradually develops from the front edge of the slope body to the middle and back. The rock mass in the middle of the slope surface also gradually changes from the forward dip to the upright to the reverse dip state, and accelerates to bend and topple towards the free surface under the action of gravity. When the deformation of rock mass reaches a certain extent, it will fracture along the maximum bending part or structural plane, and eventually slip along the tensile fracture plane or even collapse directly. ②By comparing the slope parameters and deformation characteristics of the test models, the 7 groups of model slopes are roughly divided into 3 categories: near-vertical bedding rock gentle slope, steep dip bedding rock steep slope, near-vertical bedding rock steep slope. Compared with slope Angle, the rock layer dip Angle has more influence on the toppling deformation and failure of the steep bedding rock slope. The gently inclined structural plane that is not perpendicular to the plane is more likely to cause the toppling deformation and failure of the steep bedding slope than the one perpendicular to the plane, and the scale of toppling deformation and failure is larger when the slope body develops the inward structural plane compared with the outward inclined structural plane. ③From the perspective of deformation stage, the deformation evolution process of slope is divided into initial deformation stage, toppling deformation stage and toppling failure stage. ④The toppling deformation and failure process of steep bedding rock slope is divided into stress adjustment stage, flexural-creep stage, flexural-sliding stage and toppling-sliding-collapse fracture stage from the mechanism. According to the deformation degree of the toppling area, the deformed slope can be divided into three zones: a strong toppled zone, a weak toppled zone, and a stable zone.
The research results can provide reference for the research of the evolution process, toppling mode, toppling deformation and failure mechanism of steep bedding rock slope.
| [1] |
丁戈媛,胡新丽. 大奔流顺层岩质滑坡溃屈型破坏力学机制研究[J]. 地质科技通报,2020,39(2):186-190.
DING G Y,HU X L. Mechanical mechanism of buckling failure of Dabenliu consequent bedding rockslide[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2020,39(2):186-190. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [2] |
王禹,冯霄,杜娟,等. 建设区顺层岩质滑坡地质力学演化模型:以万州铁峰乡麦地坪滑坡为例[J]. 地质科技通报,2023,42(5):43-51.
WANG Y,FENG X,DU J,et al. Geomechanical evolution model of bedding rock landslides in construction areas:A case study of the Maidiping landslide in Tiefeng Town,Wanzhou[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2023,42(5):43-51. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [3] |
黄润秋,李渝生,严明. 斜坡倾倒变形的工程地质分析[J]. 工程地质学报,2017,25(5):1165-1181.
HUANG R Q,LI Y S,YAN M. The implication and evaluation of toppling failure in engineering geology practice[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2017,25(5):1165-1181. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [4] |
CRUDËN D M. Limits to common toppling:Reply[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1991,28(3):465. doi: 10.1139/t91-058
|
| [5] |
邱俊,任光明,王云南. 层状反倾−顺倾边坡倾倒变形形成条件及发育规模特征[J]. 岩土力学,2016,37(增刊2):513-524.
QIU J,REN G M,WANG Y N. Characteristics of forming conditions and development scale of toppling in anti-dip and dip stratified slopes[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(S2):513-524. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [6] |
SAGASETA C,SáNCHEZ J M,CAñIZAL J. A general analytical solution for the required anchor force in rock slopes with toppling failure[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(3):421-435. doi: 10.1016/S1365-1609(01)00011-9
|
| [7] |
LIU C H,JAKSA M B,MEYERS A G. Improved analytical solution for toppling stability analysis of rock slopes[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(8):1361-1372. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.01.009
|
| [8] |
ZHENG Y,CHEN C X,LIU T T,et al. Study on the mechanisms of flexural toppling failure in anti-inclined rock slopes using numerical and limit equilibrium models[J]. Engineering Geology,2018,237:116-128. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.02.006
|
| [9] |
ZHAO W H,ZHANG C Q,JU N P. Identification and zonation of deep-seated toppling deformation in a metamorphic rock slope[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2021,80(3):1981-1997. doi: 10.1007/s10064-020-02027-y
|
| [10] |
XIA M,REN G M,TIAN F. Mechanism of an ancient river-damming landslide at Batang Hydropower Station,Jinsha River Basin,China[J]. Landslides,2023,20(10):2213-2226. doi: 10.1007/s10346-023-02124-5
|
| [11] |
TAMRAKAR N K,YOKOTA S,OSAKA O. A toppled structure with sliding in the Siwalik Hills,midwestern Nepal[J]. Engineering Geology,2002,64(4):339-350. doi: 10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00095-3
|
| [12] |
王飞,唐辉明. 雅砻江上游互层斜坡倾倒变形破坏机制与演化[J]. 工程地质学报,2017,25(6):1501-1508.
WANG F,TANG H M. Mechanism and evolotion of toppling in interbedded slopes at upstream of Yalong River[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2017,25(6):1501-1508. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [13] |
周洪福,聂德新,李树武. 澜沧江某水电工程大型倾倒变形体边坡成因机制[J]. 水利水电科技进展,2012,32(3):48-52.
ZHOU H F,NIE D X,LI S W. Integrated analysis of formation mechanism for large-scale toppling rock mass of a hydropower station on Lancangjiang River[J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2012,32(3):48-52. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [14] |
李长冬,唐辉明,胡新丽,等. 岩石相似材料变形与强度特性及数值模拟研究[J]. 地质科技情报,2008,27(6):98-101.
LI C D,TANG H M,HU X L,et al. Deformation and strength characteristics and numerical simulation of rock similar material[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2008,27(6):98-101. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [15] |
许艺林,李远耀,李思德,等. 库水位下降叠加降雨作用时堆积层滑坡渗流−变形机制[J]. 地质科技通报,2024,43(1):216-228.
XU Y L,LI Y Y,LI S D,et al. Seepage-deformation mechanism of colluvial landslides under the action of reservoir water level decline and rainfall[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2024,43(1):216-228. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [16] |
HE J X,QI S W,ZHAN Z F,et al. Seismic response characteristics and deformation evolution of the bedding rock slope using a large-scale shaking table[J]. Landslides,2021,18(8):2835-2853. doi: 10.1007/s10346-021-01682-w
|
| [17] |
LI L Q,JU N P,ZHANG S,et al. Shaking table test to assess seismic response differences between steep bedding and toppling rock slopes[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2019,78(1):519-531. doi: 10.1007/s10064-017-1186-1
|
| [18] |
ZANG M D,YANG G X,DONG J Y,et al. Experimental study on seismic response and progressive failure characteristics of bedding rock slopes[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2022,14(5):1394-1405. doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.06.004
|
| [19] |
ZHU C,HE M C,KARAKUS M,et al. Investigating toppling failure mechanism of anti-dip layered slope due to excavation by physical modelling[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2020,53(11):5029-5050. doi: 10.1007/s00603-020-02207-y
|
| [20] |
谭明健,周春梅,孙东,等. 软硬互层顺层岩质边坡破坏试验[J]. 地质科技通报,2022,41(2):274-281.
TAN M J,ZHOU C M,SUN D,et al. Failure experiment of soft-hard interlayer bedding rock slope[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2022,41(2):274-281. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [21] |
ZHANG B C,NING Y B,TANG H M,et al. Study on the evolutionary process of interbedded anti-inclined slope block-flexure toppling in the upper Yalong River[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2023,82(7):240. doi: 10.1007/s10064-023-03223-2
|
| [22] |
DING B D,HAN Z Y,ZHANG G C,et al. Flexural toppling mechanism and stability analysis of an anti-dip rock slope[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2021,54(8):3721-3735. doi: 10.1007/s00603-021-02435-w
|
| [23] |
杨登芳,胡新丽,徐楚,等. 基于物理模型试验的多层滑带滑坡变形演化特征[J]. 地质科技通报,2022,41(2):300-308.
YANG D F,HU X L,XU C,et al. Deformation and evolution characteristics of landslides with multiple sliding zones based on physical model test[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2022,41(2):300-308. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [24] |
宋娅芬,陈从新,郑允,等. 缓倾软硬岩互层边坡变形破坏机制模型试验研究[J]. 岩土力学,2015,36(2):487-494.
SONG Y F,CHEN C X,ZHENG Y,et al. Model experimental study of deformation and failure mechanism of low-angled slopes with interbedding of soft and hard rocks[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(2):487-494. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [25] |
李任杰,胡富杭,石豫川,等. 基于底摩擦试验的硬岩岩质边坡变形过程及破坏机制研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2022,49(3):145-152.
LI R J,HU F H,SHI Y C,et al. A study of deformation process and failure mechanism of hard rock slope based on the bottom friction test[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2022,49(3):145-152. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [26] |
孙书伟,李圆,杨晓锐,等. 不同岩层倾角顺倾层状岩质边坡破坏机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2024,43(7):1607-1620.
SUN S W,LI Y,YANG X R,et al. Study on the failure mechanism of rock slopes with dipped layered structures under various rock dip conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2024,43(7):1607-1620. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [27] |
张令非,陈忠辉,唐岳松. 含弱层边坡分区滑动破坏模式及演化规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2021,40(6):1145-1154.
ZHANG L F,CHEN Z H,TANG Y S. Study on regional sliding failure modes and evolution regularity of slopes with weak layers[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2021,40(6):1145-1154. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [28] |
宁奕冰,唐辉明,张勃成,等. 基于正交设计的岩石相似材料配比研究及底摩擦物理模型试验应用[J]. 岩土力学,2020,41(6):2009-2020.
NING Y B,TANG H M,ZHANG B C,et al. Investigation of the rock similar material proportion based on orthogonal design and its application in base friction physical model tests[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2020,41(6):2009-2020. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [29] |
ZHANG L F,CHEN Z H,NIAN G Q,et al. Base friction testing methodology for the deformation of rock masses caused by mining in an open-pit slope[J]. Measurement,2023,206:112235. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2022.112235
|
| [30] |
姚晔,章广成,陈鸿杰,等. 反倾层状碎裂结构岩质边坡破坏机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2021,40(2):365-381.
YAO Y,ZHANG G C,CHEN H J,et al. Study on the failure mechanisms of counter-tilt rock slopes with layered cataclastic structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2021,40(2):365-381. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [31] |
BENG X T,ZHANG G C,YANG Y C,et al. Flexural toppling characteristics of anti-dip soft rock slope with base friction test[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2023,82(1):21. doi: 10.1007/s10064-022-03037-8
|
| [32] |
PATEL A,DHARPURE J K,SNEHMANI,et al. Estimating surface ice velocity on Chhota Shigri glacier from satellite data using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique[J]. Geocarto International,2019,34(4):335-347. doi: 10.1080/10106049.2017.1404142
|
| [33] |
阮博阳,杨盼瑞,郭会荣,等. 基于PIV技术研究不连通孔隙中残余DNAPL的溶解速率影响因素[J]. 地质科技通报,2023,42(4):241-249.
RUAN B Y,YANG P R,GUO H R,et al. Factors influencing the dissolution rate of residual DNAPL in unconnected pores based on PIV technology[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2023,42(4):241-249. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [34] |
CHEN G Q,LI L,ZHAO C,et al. Acceleration characteristics of a rock slide using the particle image velocimetry technique[J]. Journal of Sensors,2016,2016(1):2650871.
|
| [35] |
KANG S,ZHAO Q H,LIU C W. Calculative width of pile foundation on slope based on particle image velocimetry (PIV)[J]. Advances in Civil Engineering,2020,2020(1):7084791. doi: 10.1155/2020/7084791
|
| [36] |
TERWISSCHA VAN SCHELTINGA R C,COCO G,FRIEDRICH H. Sand particle velocities over a subaqueous dune slope using high-frequency image capturing[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2019,44(10):1881-1894. doi: 10.1002/esp.4617
|
| [37] |
WANG D Y,ZHU H H,WANG B J,et al. Performance evaluation of buried pipe under loading using fiber Bragg grating and particle image velocimetry techniques[J]. Measurement,2021,186:110086. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110086
|
| [38] |
WANG Z,LI C,DING X M. Application of transparent soil model tests to study the soil-rock interfacial sliding mechanism[J]. Journal of Mountain Science,2019,16(4):935-943. doi: 10.1007/s11629-018-5083-2
|
| [39] |
王东, 刘金尧, 李广贺, 等. 露天矿顺倾软岩边坡内排追踪压帮治理工程——以贺斯格乌拉南露天煤矿首采区南帮为例[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2024,35(3):80-87.
WANG D, LIU J Y, LI G H, et al. Open-pit mine soft rock slope internal row tracking pressure side control engineering: A case study at the south side of the first mining area of Hesigewula south open-pit coal mine[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2024,35(3):80-87. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [40] |
程雨柯, 李亚虎, 夏金梧, 等. 无人机技术在超高陡边坡危岩体半自动识别中的应用[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2024,35(1):143-154.
CHENG Y K, LI Y H, XIA J W, et al. Application UAV technology semi-automatic identification dangerous rock masses on ultra-high steep slopes[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2024,35(1):143-154. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [41] |
曾启强, 王立朝, 刘伟, 等. 广州地区岩质边坡崩塌影响范围计算方法初探[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2023,50(5):159-168.
ZENG Q Q, WANG L C, LIU W, et al. Calculation methods of the collapse influence range of a simple rock slope in the Guangzhou area[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2023,50(5):159-168. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [42] |
汪鸣飞,章广成,包刘磊,等. 顺层陡倾岩质边坡变形机理探究[J]. 安全与环境工程,2021,28(5):107-120.
WANG M F,ZHANG G C,BAO L L,et al. Research on deformation mechanism of steep bedding rock slope[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering,2021,28(5):107-120. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [43] |
LIU M,LIU F Z,HUANG R Q,et al. Deep-seated large-scale toppling failure in metamorphic rocks:a case study of the Erguxi slope in southwest China[J]. Journal of Mountain Science,2016,13(12):2094-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11629-015-3803-4
|
Copyright © 2010Editorial Department of Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology
Supported by:
Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd.
DownLoad:
