| Citation: | ZHOU Zhihao，LUO Mingming，CHEN Jing，et al. Effects of concentrated recharge conditions on hydrological processes and pollution responses of karst underground rivers[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（0）：1-10 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230566
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Concentrated recharge conditions often significantly impact the water quantity and quality of karst underground rivers. Therefore, it is of great importance to clarify the effects of different concentrated recharge conditions on these aspects.
Based on hydrogeochemical surveys, this study simultaneously monitored the hydrological and hydrochemical dynamics at the sinkhole entrance and underground river outlet of the QLK underground river system in western Hubei, to explore the impacts of different recharge conditions on the water quantity and quality of the underground river.
The results show that recharge intensity and soil moisture content directly control the generation and convergence processes of flow within the sinkhole, as well as the flow response of the karst underground river system. Rainfall events that do not reach a threshold will not trigger a flow response in the underground river.As concentrated runoff converges towards the sinkhole entrance, the concentrations of various hydrochemical ions increase significantly.The hydrochemical response observed at the outlet of the QLK underground river system is influenced by the intensity of recharge. Under heavy rainfall conditions, this response is further intensified due to the enrichment of hydrochemical ion concentrations at the sinkhole entrance.Following heavy rainfall, TIN (Total Inorganic Nitrogen) and phosphates accumulate at the sinkhole entrance, leading to concentrations that are 2 to 3 times higher than the natural background levels. Pollutants introduced through concentrated recharge directly contaminate the underground river. In the hydrochemical response, N-${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+ $ enters the karst water cycle prior to N-${\mathrm{NO}}_3^- $, and the fluxes of nitrate and TIN increase at the outlet of the underground river system relative to the inlet. Meanwhile, the flux of ammonium N-${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+ $ gradually decreases over time as recharge occurs, suggesting nitrification reactions within the conduits.
The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for pollution prevention and control, as well as water environmental management of karst underground rivers.
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