| Citation: | SHI Le，LI Ting，DU Yinyu，et al. Formation mechanism and characteristics of Carboniferous volcanic buried hill reservoirs in the northwest margin of LQ area in Junggar Basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，${article_volume}（0）：1-12 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240018
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In the LQ area of the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin, large-scale volcanic weathering crust oil and gas reservoirs have developed. Unlike volcanic weathering crust reservoirs in other regions, this weathering crust reservoir exhibits multiple vertical layers and strong heterogeneity, with distinct zonation on the horizontal plane.
Currently, the understanding of the vertical and horizontal zonation of this volcanic weathering crust reservoir and the distribution patterns of favorable reservoirs remains unclear, hindering further exploration of volcanic oil and gas in the area. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of this unique volcanic weathering crust reservoir is necessary.
This study, based on data from well logging, drilling, lithology, and field geological profiles, analyzed the formation process of the volcanic weathering crust, its vertical and horizontal zonation, and favorable exploration directions.
The evolution of the Carboniferous volcanic weathering crust paleo-buried hill in the study area can be divided into four stages: the initial fissure-type volcanic eruption stage, the intermittent stage of volcanic eruptions, the stage of renewed volcanic activity, and the formation stage of the Carboniferous volcanic top weathering crust. The volcanic weathering crust reservoir mainly formed during the intermittent stages of volcanic eruptions, with the weathering materials consisting of volcanic rocks formed during the eruption periods and sedimentary rocks associated with volcanic activity. Multiple episodes of volcanic eruptions and weathering resulted in the formation of multi-layered weathering crusts within the volcanic rocks.
Each episode of the weathering crust can be divided, from bottom to top, into the bedrock layer, fracture layer, sandy layer, and sedimentary layer. Among these, the fracture layer and sandy layer have better reservoir properties and are the main oil and gas reservoirs. Horizontally, the weathering crust is divided into the dissolution platform area, dissolution slope area, and dissolution depression area. The dissolution slope area, where fractures and dissolution pores are most developed, is the most favorable exploration target. In contrast, the dissolution depression area suffers from severe cementation, resulting in the poorest reservoir properties.
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