| Citation: | MA Wenjing，WANG Wenke，HOU Xinyue，et al. Spatial evolution of hydrogeochemistry driven by river water-groundwater transformations in the Manas River Basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（2）：1-11 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240360
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The mutual conversion between river water and groundwater plays a crucial role in influencing the composition and evolution of hydrochemical components, and thus, has a significant impact on the water ecological environment. Hence, it is critical to gain a comprehensive understanding of the sources and evolution mechanisms of its hydrochemical components. The complex interactions between river water and groundwater can lead to alterations in the chemical constituents, which may have far-reaching consequences for the overall health and stability of the aquatic ecosystem.
This work focused on the Manas River Basin, which is located in a typical arid area of China, as the research area. A series of advanced methods were involved in this work, including hydrochemical diagrams (provide a visual representation of the chemical characteristics); ion ratio coefficient analysis (helps in determining the relative proportions of different ions); and inverse hydrogeochemical evolution (allows for a detailed exploration of the historical changes in the water chemistry). Through these methods, an in-depth study is carried out on the hydrochemical characteristics of river water and groundwater in different landforms within the basin, as well as the sources of major ion components and the evolution laws.
These results obtained from the research are highly revealing. It is found that with the changes in landforms and the conversion relationship between river water and groundwater, the hydrochemical types of river water and groundwater experience a progressive evolution. Initially, they are mainly of the HCO3·SO4-Ca type, but gradually transform into the Cl-Na type. The natural driving factor responsible for these hydrochemical changes also shifts. In the disconnected segment, the hydrochemical type of water bodies is predominantly HCO3·SO4-Ca, and the main influencing factor is diafiltration. In the upper reaches of the river-groundwater exchange section, it is mainly SO4·Cl-Na type water, where leaching and mixing are the dominant processes. In the lower reaches of the interaction section, the hydrochemical type is mainly Cl-Na, which is dominantly affected by evaporation. The results of inverse evolution further quantitatively analyze the influence of water-rock interaction in the research area. Along the direction of groundwater flow, specific chemical reactions occur. For example, the precipitation of albite and anorthite takes place, while the dissolution of dolomite, gypsum, Ca-montmorillonite and rock salt is observed. Additionally, positive cation exchanges of Na-Mg and Ca-Mg are also detected.
The results of the study can provide a scientific basis for water environment protection and sustainable management in arid and semi-arid regions.
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