Development Status and Trend Analysis of Physical Simulation Experiments for Geological Hazards

[Significance] In the past 20 years, physical simulation experiments of geological hazards have developed rapidly, forming an interdisciplinary, widely applied, and rapidly updated development status. Analyzing the current status and trends of physical simulation experiments for geological hazards can help researchers in related fields grasp the industry's current situation, design experiments, develop equipment, and update technologies based on development trends, providing rich and reliable experimental and data for theoretical innovations in geological hazards. [Progress] The paper has conducted extensive research on literature related to physical simulation experiments of geological hazards, and summarized five significances of conducting physical simulation experiments of geological hazards. Then, the research status of the six technologies for geological hazard simulation experiments is analyzed. Model box and flume simulation technology have the characteristics of diverse combinations, low prices, easy installation, and simple operation, and are the most widely used physical simulation technologies for geological hazards. The base friction technology achieves coupling between the simulation model and the gravity field at a low cost, but simulation experiments can only be conducted on two-dimensional slope models. Shaking table and centrifuge simulation technology have high construction and usage costs, but due to their ability to provide vibration and gravity environments for the experimental process, these two technologies are still irreplaceable in geological hazard physics simulation experiments. In situ simulation technology has the drawbacks of long experimental cycles, difficult model production, high personnel input, low automation level, and poor repeatability, but it has significant advantages in avoiding scaling effects, boundary effects, and gravity distortion. [Conclusions and Prospect] The physical simulation experiments for geological hazards are developing towards complex scene construction, large-scale experiments, scientific material selection, and intelligent data collection. This puts higher requirements on experimental technology and economic costs, and there is an urgent need to create a favorable development environment for physical simulation experiments of geological hazards so that physical simulation technology can play a greater role in geological hazard research.