| Citation: | SU Danhui，YAN Yang，WANG Yongzhong，et al. Composition and properties of soil substrates for the ecological restoration of rocky slopes[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（1）：251-261 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230445
|
With the rapid development of the economy in China, the exploration of mineral resources and the construction of roads, electricity, and other infrastructure have generated a massive number of rocky slopes, which have a serious impact on the regional ecosystem. Due to its simplicity, economy, and high efficiency, the technology of external-soil spray seeding is widely used in the ecological restoration of rocky slopes. However, the poor adhesion and stability of traditional spraying soil substrates lead to unsustainable restoration of high and steep rocky slopes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop targeted ecological restoration soil substrates.
In this study, the properties of soil substrates with different compositional components, including substrate water retention, horizontal shrinkage, weight capacity, plant germination rate, and plant height were explored through pot and orthogonal experiments. Based on the above study, the erosion resistance of the screened soil substrates was analyzed through erosion resistance tests, and the optimal soil substrate suitable for the ecological restoration of highly steep rocky slopes was further selected.
The results showed that a moderate content of water-retaining agent can increase the germination rate and height of the plants, whereas a slightly higher content of binder (greater than 0.15%) not only decreased the height of the plants but also reduced their growth rate. The properties of the soil substrates with different compositions differed significantly, but almost all the indicators were better than those of the natural soil in the blank control group. After screening, the soil substrates in groups P6, P10, P16, P1, and P15 presented good plant growth, physical structure, and water retention. With the increase of slope and rainfall intensity, the amount of substrate loss increased significantly, and the soil substrates in group P15 demonstrated greater erosion resistance.
Therefore, the soil substrate can be directly applied to the ecological restoration of rocky slopes when the slope gradient is small (up to 60°) or when there is occasional heavy rainfall. When the slope gradient is large (60° or greater) or when there is frequent heavy rainfall, the soil substrate should be paired with engineering applications such as protective netting. This study has important guiding significance for the ecological restoration of rocky slopes.
| [1] |
易富,孟兴涛,赵文华,等. 基于因素空间的露天采坑边坡稳定性评价[J]. 地质科技通报,2023,42(5):1-9.
YI F,MENG X T,ZHAO W H,et al. Evaluation of slope stability of open pit based on factor space[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2023,42(5):1-9. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [2] |
WANG Y,LIU J,LIN C,et al. Polyvinyl acetate-based soil stabilization for rock slope ecological restoration[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2022,324:116209. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116209
|
| [3] |
宋泽卓,刘瑾,梅红,等. 黄原胶-黏土复合基材岩坡生态修复试验研究[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版),2023,54(5):1978-1989. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2023.05.030
SONG Z Z,LIU J,MEI H,et al. Experimental study on ecological restoration of rock slope with xanthan gum-clayey soil composite substrate[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2023,54(5):1978-1989. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2023.05.030
|
| [4] |
SCOTTON M,ANDREATTA D. Anti-erosion rehabilitation:Effects of revegetation method and site traits on introduced and native plant cover and richness[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2021,776:145915. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145915
|
| [5] |
LEE J W,PARK C M,RHEE H. Revegetation of decomposed granite roadcuts in Korea:Developing digger,evaluating cost effectiveness,and determining dimensions of drilling holes,revegetation species,and mulching treatment[J]. Land Degradation & Development,2013,24(6):591-604.
|
| [6] |
CHEN S,AI X,DONG T,et al. The physico-chemical properties and structural characteristics of artificial soil for cut slope restoration in southwestern China[J]. Scientific Reports,2016,6(1):20565. doi: 10.1038/srep20565
|
| [7] |
CHENG H,XU W,LUO T,et al. Microbial functional diversity as affected by different engineered eco-restoration methods at Xiangjiaba hydropower station[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,2020,146(3):4019125.
|
| [8] |
梁世伟,许领,胡而已. 露天矿山生态修复中的土壤重构试验[J]. 地质科技通报,2023,42(6):242-248.
LIANG S W,XU L,HU E Y. Field model tests of soil reconstruction in ecological restoration of open-pit mines[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2023,42(6):242-248. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [9] |
MORAN C J,LODHIA S,KUNZ N C,et al. Sustainability in mining,minerals and energy:New processes,pathways and human interactions for a cautiously optimistic future[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,84:1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.016
|
| [10] |
周建伟,苏丹辉,袁磊,等. 岩质边坡非饱和带水汽运移机制及其生态学意义[J]. 地质科技通报,2020,39(1):53-59.
ZHOU J W,SU D H,YUAN L,et al. Water vapor transport mechanism in unsaturated zone of rock slope and its ecological significance[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2020,39(1):53-59. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [11] |
LI C,JIA Z,YUAN Y,et al. Effects of mineral-solubilizing microbial strains on the mechanical responses of roots and root-reinforced soil in external-soil spray seeding substrate[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2020,723:138079. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138079
|
| [12] |
袁磊,周建伟,温冰,等. 石灰岩质高陡边坡覆绿生态地质指标阈值研究[J]. 长江科学院院报,2017,34(7):36-40. doi: 10.11988/ckyyb.20160307
YUAN L,ZHOU J W,WEN B,et al. Threshold of ecological geo-indicators of green coating on high-steep slope of limestone[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2017,34(7):36-40. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.11988/ckyyb.20160307
|
| [13] |
WANG Z,WU L,LIU T. Revegetation of steep rocky slopes:Planting climbing vegetation species in artificially drilled holes[J]. Ecological Engineering,2009,35(7):1079-1084. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.03.021
|
| [14] |
HENEGHAN L,MILLER S P,BAER S,et al. Integrating soil ecological knowledge into restoration management[J]. Restoration Ecology,2008,16(4):608-617. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00477.x
|
| [15] |
赵冰琴,夏振尧,许文年,等. 工程扰动区边坡生态修复技术研究综述[J]. 水利水电技术,2017,48(2):130-137.
ZHAO B Q,XIA Z Y,XU W N,et al. Review on research of slope eco-restoration technique for engineering disturbed area[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2017,48(2):130-137. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [16] |
URSIC K A,KENKEL N C,LARSON D W. Revegetation dynamics of cliff faces in abandoned limestone quarries[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,1997,34(2):289-303. doi: 10.2307/2404877
|
| [17] |
MEDL A,MAYR S,RAUCH H P,et al. Microclimatic conditions of ′Green Walls′,a new restoration technique for steep slopes based on a steel grid construction[J]. Ecological Engineering,2017,101:39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.01.018
|
| [18] |
CLEMENTE A S,WERNER C,MÁGUAS C,et al. Restoration of a limestone quarry:Effect of soil amendments on the establishment of native Mediterranean sclerophyllous shrubs[J]. Restoration Ecology,2004,12(1):20-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00256.x
|
| [19] |
温冰. 石灰岩质高陡边坡人工覆绿的生态地质指标研究[D]. 武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2014.
WEN B. Ecological geo-indicators study of revegetation on limestone high-steep slope[D]. Wuhan:China University of Geosciences (Wuhan),2014. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [20] |
刘本同,钱华,何志华,等. 我国岩石边坡植被修复技术现状和展望[J]. 浙江林业科技,2004,24(3):48-55.
LIU B T,QIAN H,HE Z H,et al. Current situation and prospect of restoration technique of plant on rocky slope[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,2004,24(3):48-55. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [21] |
赵方莹,徐邦敬,周连兄,等. 采石边坡生态修复技术组合模式研究[J]. 中国水土保持,2006(5):24-26. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0941.2006.05.009
ZHAO F Y,XU B J,ZHOU L X,et al. Research on ecological restoration technology combination model of quarry slopes[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China,2006(5):24-26. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0941.2006.05.009
|
| [22] |
LI R,ZHANG W,YANG S,et al. Topographic aspect affects the vegetation restoration and artificial soil quality of rock-cut slopes restored by external-soil spray seeding[J]. Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):12109.
|
| [23] |
SHAO Q,GU W,DAI Q,et al. Effectiveness of geotextile mulches for slope restoration in semi-arid northern China[J]. Catena,2014,116:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2013.12.006
|
| [24] |
肖衡林,马强,叶建军,等. 水泥泥炭与纤维基干喷生态护坡基材配方优化及现场试验[J]. 农业工程学报,2015,31(2):221-227. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.02.031
XIAO H L,MA Q,YE J J,et al. Optimization on formulation of peat-fiber-cement-based dry-sprayed substrate for slope ecological protection by site experiment[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(2):221-227. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.02.031
|
| [25] |
LI S,LI Y,SHI J,et al. Optimizing the formulation of external-soil spray seeding with sludge using the orthogonal test method for slope ecological protection[J]. Ecological Engineering,2017,102:527-535. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.060
|
| [26] |
GAO G,YUAN J,HAN R,et al. Characteristics of the optimum combination of synthetic soils by plant and soil properties used for rock slope restoration[J]. Ecological Engineering,2007,30(4):303-311. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.01.011
|
| [27] |
章梦涛,邱金淡,颜冬. 客土喷播在边坡生态修复与防护中的应用[J]. 中国水土保持科学,2004,2(3):10-12. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2004.03.003
ZHANG M T,QIU J T,YAN D. Application of external-soil spray seeding technique to slopes natural eco-restoration and protection[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,2(3):10-12. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2004.03.003
|
| [28] |
苗蕾. 客土喷播中不同基材配比对边坡的生态防护效果差异研究[D]. 郑州:河南农业大学,2008.
MIAO L. The comparative study on eco-protection effect with different layer materials on spray seeding rechnique[D]. Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2008. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [29] |
GAO G,LI Z,HAN R. Statistical evaluation of sprayed synthetic soils amended with four additive factors used in high and cut rock slopes[J]. Environmental Engineering Science,2016,34(4):281-290.
|
| [30] |
LUO C,GUO X,LIU G,et al. Green waste compost as a substitute for turfy soil in external-soil spray seeding substrate[J]. Environmental Technology,2021,42(6):871-883. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1648558
|
| [31] |
喻永祥,郝社锋,蒋波,等. 基于聚氨酯复合基材的岩质边坡客土生态修复试验研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2021,48(2):174-181.
YU Y X,HAO S F,JIANG B,et al. An experimental study of the ecological restoration of rock slope based on polyurethane composite-based materials[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2021,48(2):174-181. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [32] |
MORAVEJ S,HABIBAGAHI G,NIKOOEE E,et al. Stabilization of dispersive soils by means of biological calcite precipitation[J]. Geoderma,2018,315:130-137. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.037
|
| [33] |
HEJAZI S M,SHEIKHZADEH M,ABTAHI S M,et al. A simple review of soil reinforcement by using natural and synthetic fibers[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2012,30:100-116. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.045
|
| [34] |
XU H,LI T,CHEN J,et al. Characteristics and applications of ecological soil substrate for rocky slope vegetation in cold and high-altitude areas[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,609:446-455. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.156
|
| [35] |
GENTILI R,CASATI E,FERRARIO A,et al. Vegetation cover and biodiversity levels are driven by backfilling material in quarry restoration[J]. Catena,2020,195:104839.
|
| [36] |
GHASEMZADEH H,MEHRPAJOUH A,PISHVAEI M,et al. Effects of curing method and glass transition temperature on the unconfined compressive strength of acrylic liquid polymer-stabilized kaolinite[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2020,32(8):4020212.
|
| [37] |
BIJU M S,ARNEPALLI D N. Effect of biopolymers on permeability of sand-bentonite mixtures[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2020,12(5):1093-1102. doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2020.02.004
|
| [38] |
TIAN X,FAN H,WANG J,et al. Effect of polymer materials on soil structure and organic carbon under drip irrigation[J]. Geoderma,2019,340:94-103. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.038
|
| [39] |
姜彤,黄坤,薛雷,等. 乔木种植方式对护坡效果影响试验研究[J]. 地质科技通报,2022,41(6):233-241.
JIANG T,HUANG K,XUE L,et al. Experiment study on the effect of arbor species planting on slope protection effect[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2022,41(6):233-241. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [40] |
员学锋,汪有科,吴普特,等. PAM对土壤物理性状影响的试验研究及机理分析[J]. 水土保持学报,2005,19(2):37-40. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2005.02.010
YUAN X F,WANG Y K,WU P T,et al. Effects and mechanism of PAM on soil physical characteristics[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,19(2):37-40. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2005.02.010
|
| [41] |
介晓磊,李有田,韩燕来,等. 保水剂对土壤持水特性的影响[J]. 河南农业大学学报,2000,34(1):22-24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2340.2000.01.006
JIE X L,LI Y T,HAN Y L,et al. Effects of water- retaining agents on water retention properties of soil[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2000,34(1):22-24. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2340.2000.01.006
|
| [42] |
黄晓帆,程茹,赵娇娇,等. 纤维素基水凝胶调控藜麦种子逆境胁迫下的萌发特性[J]. 中国种业,2023(2):106-111. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-895X.2023.02.026
HUANG X F,CHENG R,ZHAO J J,et al. Cellulose based hydrogels regulate the germination characteristics of quinoa seeds under stress[J]. China Seed Industry,2023(2):106-111. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-895X.2023.02.026
|
| [43] |
柯鹏振. 植物护坡的生态基材物化性质研究[D]. 武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.
KE P Z. Research on physicochemical properties of growing basis material for eco-protection of slope[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2007. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [44] |
胡双双. 岩质边坡生态护坡基材研究[D]. 武汉:武汉理工大学,2006.
HU S S. Research on growing basis material for eco-protection of rocky slope[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2006. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
| [45] |
李继兴,严松,杨春健,等. 泥质砂岩残积土边坡降雨冲刷特性[J]. 地质科技通报,2022,41(2):26-33.
LI J X,YAN S,YANG C J,et al. Rainfall erosion characteristics of argillaceous sandstone residual soil slopes[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2022,41(2):26-33. (in Chinese with English abstract
|
Copyright © 2010Editorial Department of Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology
Supported by:
Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd.
DownLoad:
