| Citation: | HAN Peng，GAN Yiqun，DU Yao，et al. A methodological study on the quantification of lacustrine groundwater discharge and nutrient fluxes to Honghu Lake[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（1）：285-297 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230463
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The importance of groundwater in maintaining the balance of water volume and nutrient salts in lakes has garnered increasing attention. Understanding the spatiotemporal variability of groundwater discharge and associated nutrient fluxes into lakes is currently a hot and difficult research topic. Honghu Lake, a large freshwater lake located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, plays a crucial role in regional regulatory and ecological functions. However, the contribution of groundwater to the water cycle and nutrient dynamics of Honghu Lake has not been adequately explored.
This study focuses on Honghu Lake, collecting samples during two periods (March and September) throughout a hydrological year. By utilizing multiple tracers including electrical conductivity (EC), hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, and 222Rn, the lake bottom groundwater discharge (LGD) in the Honghu Lake area was explored. A 222Rn mass balance model was applied to quantify the LGD rate and the input fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus carried by LGD during different periods. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of the quantitative results was conducted.
The results show that (1) the combined use of 222Rn, EC, and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes confirms the presence of groundwater discharge from the lake bed; (2) the overall groundwater discharge rates at the bottom of Honghu Lake were (33.32 ± 18.78) mm/d in March and (10.97 ± 6.76) mm/d in September. Owing to the decrease in groundwater level in the Honghu Lake area resulting from extreme drought in abnormal years, the groundwater discharge rate in September was lower than that in March; (3) The nitrogen input carried by groundwater discharge to the lake was (90.75 ± 64.06) mg/(m2·d) in March and (30.09 ± 21.75) mg/(m2·d) in September, accounting for 54.72% and 12.70% of the external nitrogen input to Honghu Lake, respectively. The phosphorus input flux from groundwater was (6.85 ± 4.76) mg/(m2·d) in March and (3.51 ± 2.48) mg/(m2·d) in September, accounting for 52.49% and 10.40% of the external input to Honghu Lake, respectively; and (4) Wind speed, lake water 222Rn activity, and groundwater 222Rn activity were identified as sensitive parameters influencing the quantitative outcomes.
This study presents a novel methodological approach for quantifying groundwater discharge and related nutrient input fluxes in Honghu Lake. The findings offer an important theoretical basis for water resource management and aquatic ecosystem protection in Honghu Lake and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Furthermore, this research provides valuable insights into the interactions between similar lakes and groundwater, serving as a reference for future studies.
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